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HISTORY 



OF THE 



Eighty^^ 

Indiana Volunteer Infantry 

IN THE GREAT WAR 
OF THE REBELLION, 

^1861 TO J865^ 

'^^A^;^^? ^^ ^^^ ^^^^I^ AND ORGANIZATION. 

A DESCRIPTION OF THE MATERIAL OF WmCH 

IT WAS COMPOSED; ITS RAPID AND 

SEVERE MARCHES, HARD SERVICE 

AND FIERCE CONFLICTS ON 

MANY BLOODY FIELDS 



PATHETIC SCENES, AMUSING INCIDENTS 
AND THRILLING EPISODES. 



A REGIMENTAL ROSTER. 



PRISON LIFE, ADVENTURES, ETC, 

BY 

Corporal Geo. W. Morris. 



v 






1 »o 1 

THK KKANKI^IN I'KlNXIN'ti COMI'AISV, 

T.Ol7ISVll.T.K, KY. 



c< 



DEDICATION. 



To my comrades, living or deceased ; their mothers and wives, 
who willingly made such sacrifices during the war; to their 
sons and daughters, with recollections of gratitude to the Ruler 
of nations, this volume is dedicated ; may its influence lead to 
loyaltv, both to countrv and Creator! 



PREFACE. 



The fair and honorable fame of all those Indiana soldiers, or 
those connected in any way with them, in their efforts to sup- 
l)ress the rebellion, is a treasure committed to onr coiuiuon trust, 
in which all should feel a deep and abiding interest. It was 
after months, yes, I might say years, of hesitation and due con- 
sideration—for I have waited for some one to take up the matter 
and push it through, but no one has done so, and you all know it 
will soon he too late; and now it is only for the love and friend- 
ship that I bear the survivors of the regiment that I undertake 
to compile the transactions of the Eighty-first Regiment of 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in the the war of rebellion. Even 
at that time it would have been next to impossible to have written 
an account that would have given equal and exact justice to all 
concerned — very nnich more difficult after the lapse of so 
many years. The work will be found lacking, and incomplete 
in many respects; yet, in regard to dates and the incidents 
related, I flatter myself that it will be found substantially 
correct. 

To Colonel Anderson, William R. Atkins and James M. 
Graham I am greatly indelited for various favors, I am also 
indebted to John J. (iallagher for the use of his ])rivate history, 
which he so faithfully kept during his term of service, and to 
many others who were members of the regiment for various 
favors. 

I send out the work with greetings to the survivors of the 
regiment and their friends, and to all comrades of Indiana regi- 
ments, hoping that it will, in some degree at least, contribirte 
to the perpetuation of the memory of deceased comrades, and of 
the sacrifices and noble deeds of all connected with the com- 
mand. 

For the various omissions and defects of the woi-k I ask con- 
siderate indulgence. Geo. W. Morris. 

Louisville, 1901. 



History of the Eighty = First Regiment, 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry. 



CHAPTER T. 

CHARACTER AND ORGANIZATION. 

The Eighty-first Regiment of Indiana Volunteer Infantry was 
organized at Camp Noble, New Albany, Indiana. There were 
l)r()bably many as good, hard-fighting, long-enduring, faithfuJ- 
under-all-circumstances regiments as the Eighty-first Indiant- 
certainly none better, either in the war of the rebellion or in k/^.t 
other war since the sword began to devour. It was made up of 
the best material for an American volunteer regiment, composed 
of sturdy, resolute boys, animated by a sincere love of country, 
and a desire to do their whole duty. The regiment went into 
the service a crowd of raw, undisciplined country boys — making 
all sorts of blunders and funny mistakes — with nothing of the 
soldier in them, except their sturdy courage and devotion to 
their country "s canse. 

Through the fires anil trials of actual service they were 
haunnered and shaped into as fine a body of soldiers as ever 
stood under any flag, showing the character of the American 
people in 18H1 and 1862, and the kind of sons they reared in 
their homes, their churches and schools to )iieet the great exigency 
that then came upon the land. 

They were every-day boys, who had ordinaiw appetites, 
passions and tempers, who dearly loved a full mess-])ot or a good 
dinner, who made the most human of mistakes daily, and then 
had the manliness to laugh at them, but always ready to rise 
into the loftiest places of heroism and self-sacrifice. 

The regiment left Camp Noble Sunday afternoon, August 31, 
1862, at four o'clock, and started on its first march, which was 
to the old J. jNI. & I. depot in Jeffersonville, where we received 
our arms and equipments. After everything was completed, we 
marched to the ferry and crossed the Ohio River to Louisville, 
Ky., and went into camp south of the Louisville and Nashville 
•depot. 

This was called Camp NefHer. Each company was divided 
off into regular messes, with a chief appointed over each mess. 
. Here we received for the first time our regular camp equipage, 
such as tents, axes, shovels, picks, etc. AVe Avere furnished with 
the regular conical-shajied Sibley tents, each tent holding one 
mess, consisting of about twenty persons. We received plenty 
of rations of all kinds, and in this cauq) Ave weri' ])aid one 
7 



8 Jlistonj of ihc Eiyhhj-First Kcginuiit, 

month's i)ay for the fii'st time by a reiiular United States Pay- 
master. We remained in eamj) a few days, when orders were 
i-eeeived on September 2, to strike tents and prepare to move. 
This created quite an excitement among us, as no one knew where 
we were goin^i'. Everything being ready, we started for the 
city of Louisville again, and marched through the principal 
streets, shouting and cheering. 

We marched out of the city on the Bardstown Pike to what 
was called Preston AVoods, where we turned to the left of the 
road and went into cami^ in a beautiful place. As we marched 
over the gi'ound, preparatory to fixing our camp, the grass- 
hoppers were so thick the boys with almost one voice christened 
the place "Camp Grasshopper" (although the proper name was 
Camp Robinson), a name that afterward became endeared to 
our memory wherever we went, not only in our own regiment, 
but in the others that constituted our brigade at that time. In 
after months, during the campaigns that followed, whenever 
a regiment came across another that belonged to the old brigade, 
it was a sure passwoi'd to friendship and good actions, if the 
soldiers but mentioned they were 'Tirasshopper boys." We 
were fixed up in regular style and could not complain for want 
of anything. 

The hardest part of our duty was drilling. We had company 
and squad drill every day until they got to be a bore. While 
here encamped, we received our first severe test of soldier life. 
A few days after Ave arrived official information was received 
that the Confederate (ieneral Kirby Smith with his forces had 
Avhi|)])ed our men at Kichmond, Ky., and our army was falling 
back to Louisville, closely pressed by the enemy. The ncAvs 
reached us on Thursday afternoon, September 4. Orders were 
issued to fall in with knapsacks and everything ready to march 
inmiediately. As we were green soldiers, most of us had more 
clothing than was necessary; therefore, when kna])sacks were 
strapped and slung, they looked like good-sized trunks upon our 
backs. AVe marched off in a hurry and struck across the fields, 
instead of going by a regular road. The evening was veiy warm, 
and in marching thi'ough a very large cornfield, where there was 
no air whatever, a great many of the men gave out and had to 
lay down. The dust Avas very bad. wafer r-onld not be had for 
anything. When we reached the pike, we met a great many men 
and Avagons, going toward Louisville in great haste. They were 
completely demoralized, and told some of the wildest stories 
imaginabl(\ They said they were all cut to pieces, and the 
enemy close behind them. We began to think by this time we 
would have a fight sure, for Ave still ke]it going toward the 
enemy. As it Avas our first march Avifh heavy knapsacks. Ave 
suffej'ed a ureaf deal. Our slioiilders aclicd vei'v badlv. and we 



liulidKa Yohinia }■ I nfn)itr\i, 1S6}-1S6'>. 9 

Avere thankful for every halt. Men kei)t falling' out in spite of 
all their offieei's could do. It was an outrage on new troops to 
force and goad thein on as was done on that terrible night — 
especially when they were not broken in by light and easy 
marches AVe niai-ched about twelve miles, filed off to tlu^ right 
of the road and halted. We bivouacked for about two himrs. com- 
pletely worn out. with aching bones fi-oni head to foot. We all 
threw ourselves on the ground to get a nap, if possible. The 
bugle soon woke us up to fall in and return again to camp. We 
marched slowly. Before we were on the road any length of 
time, the men began to straggle out, and by the time we arrived 
at camp, about daylight, the regiment was strung out along 
the road for miles. A good many of the boys camped along the 
road, and did not get into camj) until the next day— some of the 
officers along with the men. As long as the regiment remained 
in the service as an organization, this night's march was often 
recalled to mind, and although the regiment ])articipated in as 
gi'cat and severe marches in after years, nevertheless a great 
maiiv of the men considtn- their first great mai'ch the hardest 
of all. 

On the Hth rumors of marching orders were whispered 
around the camp. Some re{)orted that we were going to Lexing- 
ton, Ky.— yet all was in doubt. On the afternoon of the 11th 
orders came sure enough to fall in with everything on, and in a 
short time we were moving on the road with our faces toward 
Louisville again. Keports began to reach us that we were bouml 
for Oincinnati, as Kirby Smith was reported to be marching on 
that city, and we were going to reinforce the place, along with 
other regiments. When yve arrived at Louisville and marched 
throuiih the city to the river, we began to believe the report. 
We marched to the Jeffersonville ferry boat and crossinl the 
river to Jeffersonville. 

It was ((uite unexpected to us to be back home so soon. We 
got there al)out dusk. As soon as we arrived at Jeffersonville, 
the order to go to Cincinnati was countermanded, and our 
brigade was ordered to go into camp near Port Fulton, east of 
Jeffersonville. Company B was detailed to guard the ferry 
boat. It was a difficidt matter to keej) the regiment together, for 
one-half the men belonged in Jeffersonville or close around there. 
We had a beautiful camp, innuediately on the banks of the 
Ohio Kiver. the l)est of drinking water close at hand fi-om pure 
springs, and good bathing grounds for the whole brigade— in 
fact, a healthier or l)etter camp-ground could not be found 
in the State. It was called Camp (iilbert. 

We remained in cam]) near Port Fulton for some time, (^ur 
friends thronged the camp daily; some of them came many 
miles to see the bovs. brinuinu' baskets of crood things for thorn 



10 Ilistorn of the Eighitj-Firsf Kcijiment, 

1() eat. as well as fruits of all kinds. Guards were estal^lished all 
around the camp, and orders were very strict in letting men 
out. Nevertiieless. a great many passed the guard and went 
liome. When they returned, if they were found out. they had 
to help build roads for several hours. We had plenty of drilling 
to do every day. besides dress parade every evening. We were 
in camp for some time, when on the morning of September 19, 
1862. orders came to prepare to move immediately, there was 
gi-eat conunotion in camp, and a good many were sorry to leave, 
l)ut this was no more than we could expect, for soldiers nuist 
get up and go whenever called upon. 

Our destination was supposed to l)e Louisville, but there was 
lu) certainty about it. In a short time we were on the move, and 
marched through Jeffersonville with our colors flying and 
music playing. We crossed the river, and marchetl through 
Louisville in the direction of our old "'Camp Grasshopper. " 
The boys were glad to see the place again, although they pre- 
ferred to remain in camp in Indiana. It was the opinion of a 
great many that we would return there after a little while, and 
we expected every day to receive an order to return. AVhile 
in camp at '^Grasshopper. " a few days afterward, rumor spread 
abo\it that Bragg was marching on Louisville to take the place, 
if i)ossible. and. to c(mfirm the report, we received orders on 
Aloiulay night, the last week in Septemlier. to be ready to march 
for Louisville again. 

There was great commotion in camp at this time. Company 
B was detailed to be the rear guard. Bragg being reported so 
close. Ave expected every moment to hear him firing in our rear 
The road was full of dust. Before we got to Louisville, a 
great many of the men became sleepy. We halted once, and 
almost every one laid down in the dust of the road or along the 
fences. When we arrived near Louisville we found a strong 
force of men throwing up entrenchments by candle-light. It 
seemed strange— so near to home— bringing to our minds the 
thought that the war was close to our doors. The regiment 
having sto[)])ed, the men all laid down. Soldiers seemed so thick 
that you could scai'cely put your foot down without touching one. 
We had our blankets around us ami our knapsacks for pillows, 
and only a few miles from home. The scene reminded us 
strongly of the night ])efore the Battle of Bunkers' Hill. When 
moi-ning dawned we Avere ordeivd to fall in, and we marched a 
few s(iuares to an old pork house, and filed through the gate into 
a large yard, where we stacked arms and remained several days, 
expecting to be called on to tight. So far we were agreeably 
disappointed. We were called out several nights, and marched 
out on a hill and formed in line of battle, where we remained 
until (lavliuht ; then we would inarch back again. We were 



I)i(li(()Ki Voh(nt<(rI)ifinifr)/, lSfH-lS()'>. IJ 

living coiitimially iu exeiteineiit. l)iit it was exciteiiuMit without 
bloodshed, and we were thankful. 

Bragg was still exj^ected to conic to Loiiis\illc, and we vve:re 
kept on the watch day and night. We were without our tents 
since we left canjp near Jetfersonville, yet the health of the 
regiment was ])retty good. We were kept in close (|uarters while 
we remained in the pork-house yard. It was aliiiosi impossible 
to get outside of the fence. 

A pontoon bridge was built abont this time across the river, 
both at New Albany and Jett'ersonville, which some of the boys 
said was to retreat by in case of defeat, but we thanked (}od 
we did not have to use the pontoons. They were used by tht^ 
citizens of Louisville in great numliers, some of them going 
across the river and going into camp on the other side, leaving 
nobody in the city but a few men and negroes. 

While we lemained in the pork-house yard we went out on 
several scouts back of Louisville, but never ran upon any enemy. 
One night, while on a scout we went into camp in a beautiful 
grove. It was rumored the enemy was pretty close, so we were 
formed in line of battle. The night was chilly, but no fires were 
allowed. It was almost im]K>ssible to keep the men awake. Some 
one built a fii-e, which caused our Lieutemuit Colonel to use 
some harsh language. lie ordered it put out innnediately, caus- 
ing a great deal of laughter in the regiment. A short time 
afterward, while most of the regiment were asleep, some sitting, 
some standing, leaning <m their guns, and others lying on the 
ground, we were suddenly aroused and ordei-ed to be ready, as 
the enemy were close at hand. In a few moments we distinctly 
heard the sound of horses galloping toward us on the ])ike, and 
we could hear the jingling of their sabers plainly. Nearer and 
nearer they came, and just as the order Avas about to be given to 
fire, they were found out to be our own cavalry. It was a. great 
relief to us. indeed, for we thought the crisis had come sure. We 
remained there the greater part of the next day. and were con- 
fident that a fight would take place, as we were expecting an 
attack every moment from the enemy. We were entirely out of 
rations, and there were none sent to us, so we had to do the best 
we could. 

Toward evening we were ordei-ed to fall iu. and mai'died 
back toward Louisville. We marched several miles and went 
into camp again. We camped on a low piece of ground along- 
side of the road. Some of the boys managed to get some chickens, 
and other things, which helped our commissary out. There was 
a great deal of fun in the regiment that night, caused by comical 
stories and jokes that were told bv different membei-s of the 
regiment. W(» started again in the morninc before davliuht. but 
had not uoiu' far bef(U'e we filed into a field on the riuht of the 



1- Ilislorij of I Ik hJi(/lil jj-Firsi Ixcg'uncni. 

road, foniiiug a line of battle, as it was reported the enemy 
Avere close upon us. At daylight we saw some troops on the top 
of a high hill, which some of the boys took for the enemy, but in 
a short time we distinctly saw they were our OAvn men, for our 
tiag was there. We fell in again and filed out on to the road, and 
marched back to our old camp at "Grasshopper." 

We remained there until Sunday afternoon, when we marched 
back again to our old (juarters at the pork-house yard. We 
arrived there both hungry and tired, as we had but very short 
i-ations all the time we were out, and we were very glad to get 
back, indeed. General Buell's army having arrived at Louisville, 
we were ordered on the morning of September 29, 1862, to fall 
in and move immediately. As usual, there were numerous re- 
])orts as to our (K'stination, but no one knew for certain where 
we were going. 

We marched down to the river, Avhich caused us to think we 
were going to our old camp on the other side of the river. It 
was then we had our first view of the pontoons across the Ohio 
River. We filed to the right and marched up to an old lumber 
yard, and were surprised to see quite a number of troops in 
camp ai-ound us. We pitched our tents as soon as we got a ])lace 
to camji and soon fixed up as comfortable as possible, although 
we knew not how long we were to remain. The health of the 
regiment was still good; although several were on the sick list, 
yet the majority were fit for duty. We were surrounded by 
.'several old regiments, among whom M^e found many friends, 
especially the Twenty-second Indiana Volunteers. 

Rumors began to circulate again that we were to move; and, 
from the signs of the times, everything appeared like it. Orderlies 
were {)assing aiul i-epassing from the different headquarters, 
shoes and clothing- Avere issued, inspecticms were taking place 
constantly ; in fact, everything pointed to an early move. The 
friends of a great many of our regiment called to see the boys. 
?iii(l there were a great mauv leave-takinu's. 



JiididHii Vdltnih ( r I iifiiiil rij, 1861-186:'). 13 



CHAPTER II. 

THE B.VTTT>E OF PERKVVIMJ-:. 

AVc left Louisville on the inorninj4' of October 1, 1862, 
inarching out on the Bardstown Koad. The city was alive with 
troops, marehino- in every direction. The weather was pretty 
warm for this time of the year, and the roads very dusty. A 
few miles from the city our advance guard came in contact with 
the outposts of the enemy and skirmishing connnenced, which 
occured daily for several weeks during our march toward 
Perryville, Ky. As we were new troops, we suffered considerably 
before reaching Bardstown, Ky. Our division left the pike, and 
took a narrow road that led through the woods. We had to wade 
through numerous creeks. The first day from Louisville we 
camped in a vast field, which held nearly all the army, at least 
it appeared so from the number of cam]) fii'es that could be 
seen in all directions, as far as the eye could see. Some of the 
boys got lost from their companies, and could not find them until 
next morning. They stayed with other regiments until day- 
light. We had quite a time climbing the high hills in that part 
of Kentucky bordering on Salt River. Some of our teams could 
hardly get up. AVe camped on the other side of them on the 
margin of the river. Some of the boys went in bathing. In 
leaving next morning, one of our companies that was on i)icket 
duty got lost, and did not catch up to us for several hours. 

During our march Ave ]>assed through some very beautiful 
places, and sometimes the soldiers themselves helped to make as 
fine pictures as the eye ever dwelt upon. One place in particular, 
when we had crossed a deep stream and climbed the opposite 
bank, which was very high, on looking back, down to where the 
soldiers were crossing, was a splendid sight. Could it have been 
painted on canvas it Avould have been beautifid. 

AYe had (piite a number of drunnners and fifers ahead of our 
regiment, and, with a few exceptions, they were the poorest 
material for a martial band that could be found anywhere. 
Sometimes they w^ould condescend to favor us Avith some music, 
and then w^e had a gay time generally— such times it is impossible 
to describe. Once in a while they did very well, but take them 
all together, with the fcAv exceptions mentioned, they Avere the 
greatest nuisance that ever was tacked on to a regiment. There 
was one consolation, and that was they soon played out. Most 



14 Ilisfory of the Eiyhtij-Firsi Rcgitnoii. 

of the fif'ers blew their wind out before they got to Xa^shville, aud 
were laid up in the hospital or discharged; and the drununers 
fizzled out about the same time, some having to go into the ranks 
and shoulder a gun. The last drum used in the regiment had 
only one head in it and it was used to drum some of the boys up 
and down the lines for some little misdemeanor. After that they 
completely fizzled out. 

When within a few miles of Bardstown, we struck the pike 
leading to that place, and the head of the column had to halt 
as the road was full of troops hurrying along toward the town. 
After awhile we mov.ed forward and filed into the pike, moving 
in the same direction. 

Regiments marched alongside of regiments. Our advance 
guard had (}uite a skirmish with the enemy outside of the town, 
but drove them back. When we reached Bardstown we were 
hurried through, sometimes on a double quick. We camped in a 
valley on the other side of the town October 5, 1862. 

It was Sunday evening when M^e entered the town, and a good 
many persons, both male and female, were going to church. It 
made some of us think of the great chang"e in our condition. A 
few months ago we wei-e citizens ourselves, but now changed to 
soldiers and on the war path. 

In the evening a beautiful sight presented itself, such as we 
never beheld before or since. As far as the eye could see were 
camp fires, away up on the hills, so far ofiF that they appeared 
like twinkling stars. It was a grand sight, indeed. 

We left Bardstown early in the morning before daylight. 
The roads were in good order, the morning air was chilly and 
bracing. After marching several miles, we halted for a few 
hours. The road we were on was a very high ridge. At our left 
Avas a low valley. We could hear the sound of nuisic and the 
beating of anvils, and we kncM' then that there was a camp 
beneath us, although we could not see it because there was a 
heavy fog between us and them. When the sun came out pretty 
strong the fog disa]>peared, and we beheld a camp at our feet 
alive with men; some of the boys said it was General McCook's 
corps. W> halted on the road until they moved out ahead of us. 

After leaving Bardstown our marching was very severe on 
ns, we suffered a great deal for water. The enemy drank up all 
the streams and wells on each side of the road. Some of the men 
went three and four miles from the road to get water. Our ad- 
vance was skirmishing with the enemy every day. The roads at 
this time wei-e very dusty, and we had to keep moving on rapidly, 
averaging from ten to twenty miles a day, and one day in 
])ai'ticular we made twenty-five miles. This Avas doing very well 
for green troops. The dust caused the men to thirst a great deal, 
water being verv bai'd to <iet. The men suffered terriblv. It was 



Iridiaiui Vohcnicir Infdiilvy, 1861-lt<(i~>. 15 

October 6, 1862, that we made our heavy niareh of twenty-live 
miles. Our reoiment was stretched out for miles, the men com- 
l>letely worn out. Kverv fence corner had one or two men 
lyinji' in it, with their knapsacks and everything!: about them off. 
so that theii' bodies mi^ht obtain some ease. C'omi)any organiza- 
tions were represented in some cases by only a half-dozen men, a 
mere corporal's guard, and in some instances hardly that. Offi- 
cers coaxed and threatened their men to move forward, but i1 
M'as of no avail, nature could not stand it in some cases. 
Carrying: heavy knapsacks on long marches was one of the main 
causes that reduced our regiment so badly during the fii'st six 
months of our organization. Those who stood up to it, though, 
in a few months became as tough as pine knots, and nothing 
hardly att'ected them afterward. 

We started the next day on the march again, expecting 
another heavy day's march, but it was not so severe. Water was 
still very scarce and could hardly be" g:otten anywhere. We were 
thankful for any kind of water we could g'et, although some of 
it was not fit for animals to drink. 

Our advance was still skirmishing with the enemy. During 
the afternoon our brigade was doubh^-quicked to the left of the 
road, and we formed in line of battle in a sort of hollow 
between two hills. The whole regiment was excited, as we were 
getting pretty close to the enemy. After remaining: there a 
short time we moved by the rig'ht flank and took up a position 
with part of the regiment in a cornfield and part in the woods. 
The regiment remained there during the night. Company B 
was sent out on picket that night. The boys had cpiite a time 
while there. They were without rations, but were expecting them 
to arrive eveiy hour. Some of the boys came across some sheep 
near their post, and after an exciting chase succeeded in captur- 
ing some. This was during' the afternoon. 

In the meantime cannonading could be heard plainly in the 
di?ftance, and some of the company who had been back to the 
regiment brought out reports that heavy fighting had been going 
on all day between the enemy and our forces, and that there 
wei-e a great number killed on both sides. 

It was a beautiful afternoon and everything fpnet in front 
of our picket lines. Some of the boys were engaged in cuttiufr 
up the sheep and dividing it among the dit¥erent messes, when 
an order suddenly arrived from the reg:iment for the company 
to fall in quickly and hurry back to the reg:iment. 

In the regiment everything was excitement, for we were ex- 
pecting to be called into action every moment, the reports of the 
cannon seeming closer to us than before. This was between 3 and 
4 o'clock in the afternoon. 



16 History of the Eifjiitij-First Bcgiment, 

AVe were ordered to pile our knapsacks and leave a guard, 
composed of those who were on the sick list, to take care of them. 
Our regiment was ordered to fall in innnediately, and we moved 
out by the right flank. We had hardly started before we were 
ordered to double quick. When we reached the road we found 
it streM^n with knapsacks and blankets, shed by the boys going 
into the battle. We filed to the left and proceeded a short dis- 
tance up the I'oad, still on the double quick, and then filed to the 
right into a hilly woods. Having arrived in the woods we were 
ordered to halt and fi'ont. Then our lines were straightened up 
to conform to the position we had taken, and we received orders 
to lie down. 

On a high rise of ground, covered with timber and in our 
immediate front, was the Eighth Wisconsin Battery in position, 
gTins unlimbered, every man at his post and ready for action. 
Our orders were to support that battery and to repel any charge 
the enemy might make against it. While lying there several 
shells and balls passed over our heads, causing us to open our 
eyes a little wider, and to make us think truly we are closer now 
to a battle than ever before. Such was our regiment's position 
at the battle of Perryville, Ky. Nevertheless, serious as the hour 
was, a great many of the men would have their jokes as usual. 
During the time a young niule came galloping along our lines 
])raying wildly, which caused the boys to set up a grand yell. 

AVe remained in our position a short time when we were 
ordered to rise up and move forward in line toward the battle- 
field. AA^e proceeded but a short distance when we halted again. 
We could hear .the rattle of the musketry plainly, and the can- 
nons were fired with vigor also. A few small hills in front hid 
the battle from our view. AVhile our regiment was assuming" its 
second position we caught a glimpse of the batteries firing at the 
enemy, the hills in our front shutting them from our sight. 

The shades of night were fast falling when we heard a loud 
yell, which told plainly that our boys were making a grand 
charge on the enemy. The yell lasted a few moments and was 
mixed up with the sound of nnisketry ; all was then still, and 
Ihe fight was over. Presently we heard a grand cheer— far in the 
distance. It approached nearer and nearer, until it reached us. 
Then our boys caught the music, and jumping up and down with 
hats in the air. gave a long glorious cheer, for victory was won. 

The battle c(mniienced at 8 o'clock in the morning and lasted 
until 6 o'clock in the evening. If it had lasted five minutes 
hiiigci- our regiment would have been engaged in it. As it was. 
\vc never fired a shot, although we were on the battlefield all day. 

After the battle was over we mai^ched farther on the battle- 
field, halted and stacked arms and bivouacked for the night. Soon 
after stacking our arms a nunihcr of the regiment started out 



Indiana VoJiottfcr bifanlry, 1861-1865. 17 

to view the field. It was a l)eautiful iiiiiht — a clear sky and full 
moon. It was our first view of a field of battle, and it made us 
feel very sad. 

Before we advanced very far, we came across five of the 
enemy lying on the hillside dead. Their faces were very i)ale 
and the light of the moon glittered on their eyes. It was fearful 
to behold. We came to some who were wounded, and sitting 
around a small fire. Our l)oys talked with some of them, who 
seemed very friendly. 

On a battlefield, after the fight, human nature l^ecomes milder 
and soldiers will give an enemy a drink of water, when a few 
moments before they Avere seeking each others lives. We soon 
returned to the regiment, for we felt sad over the sights we had 
seen, but all the boys felt that our flag must be upheld, and that 
the country should not be divided. None of us could tell, l)ut 
our fate, perha[)s, might ])e the same as theirs. 

The next morning we marched a little farther on the field, 
halted and stacked arms close to an old stable, where we re- 
mained for the day. We were close to a hill which had been the 
scene of a bloody conflict the day before, over a battery which 
the enemy tried to take. It was taken and re-taken during the 
day. Finally, before the enemy gave it np, it was destroyed by 
chop])ing the wheels and dismantling the guns. Guns of all 
kinds were scattered over the ground, which were being gathered 
up by our soldiers. 

We bivouacked a few hundred yards from the creek which the 
enemy fought so hard to keep us from, and now we had plenty of 
water to drink, which we were duly thankful for. We had 
suffered terribly the last few days for M^ant of it. 

Between our regiment and the creek the enemy's wounded 
lay in every fence corner. Our boys behaved themselves, and 
treated them kindly, bringing water whenever they desired it. 
They wei-e mostly Tennessee troops. Some of them deserved no 
compassion, for they spoke impudently and disdainfully. Never- 
theless, on account of their wounds, no notice was taken of it. 

Down at the creek was a farm house that had been turned 
into a hospital. The doctors were hard at work at a table, am- 
l)utating limbs. 

The yard was full of wounded men. lying in rows, covered 
up with blankets, shrieking with pain, and some lying there were 
dead. Close to the house was the body of a rebel major, in a 
cornel- of the fence. His face was covered. He was neatly 
dressed in gi-ay cloth. At a short distance to the left was another 
house used for the same pui-pose, the yard of which Avas filled 
with dead, laid in rows. Close to the fence were piles of arms 
and legs. It was a ghastly sight to look upon. Most of the dead 
were black in the face, which caused them to look more frightful. 



18 History of the EigJitij- First Regiment, 

A battery of cannon lay dismantled near this house. In fact, all 
around the place for hundreds of yards, everything showed 
plainly that a hard battle ha J been fought. 

We remained in our position several days, and we felt very 
uncomfortable. Rain set in shortly after Ave arrived, the ground 
became soft and muddy, and it was disagreeable to walk about. 
We had no shelter to cover us, no blankets to wrap around us 
and our rations failed to reach us for some time. Still, the boys 
were in excellent spirits. Some of them built a shelter out of 
corn stalks, which did very well for awhile. 

The night or evening, October 10, 1862, we received orders 
to fall in. Aftei- standing in line for nearly half an hour, 
trembling with cold, we moved out across the fields and struck 
the pike leading to Harrodsburg. When we got on the pike we 
were ordered to double quick, which we did for over a mile — 
through mud and water. This soon warmed the boys up to fever 
heat. The smell from the battlefield was awful as we hurried 
past it. We advanced several miles, halted, fixed our lines and 
remained for the night close to Harrodsburg. We remained in 
the same position part of the next day, expecting a fight to take 
place every moment, but we were agreeably disappointed. 

In the evening of October 10, 1862, we received orders 
through the town. Not an inhabitant was to be seen, the place 
was entirely deserted, looking very dismal. We marched several 
miles, when we had to return again. We had taken the wrong 
road. The night was cold and chilly, and the boys did not like 
this changing about. We countermarched back again and went 
up a rocky lane. After a few hours' march, which was very 
tedious and tiresome, we turned into an open field, where we 
bivouacked for the night. 

The next morning we found ourselves pretty close to the 
small town of Nevada, which was held by the enemy. Our cav- 
alry was in the advance of us and they charged through the place. 
The town was situated on a high rise of ground, and we moved 
forward on the double quick in support of the cavalry. The 
cavalry drove the enemy out and we formed in line. Our bat- 
teries opened on the enemy and shelled them for some time. 
The enemy having fallen back, we followed them up, marching 
rapidly on the pike southward. We followed the enemy closely, 
skirmishing at different times with their rear guard, until we 
arrived within two miles of Crab Orchard, Ky., where we halted 
and waited for further oi'ders. We remained there for several 
days. 



Indiana Voluntcf r 1 nfaniry, 1861-1865. 19 



CHAPTER III. 

ON TO NASHVILLE — GENERAL ROSECKAXS ASSUMES ("OMMANIT. 

Rumors were rife and soon confirmed that Bragg had escaped 
us, and that we were goin<>- to Nashville, Tenn. We had heen 
without tents now for several weeks, the absence of which, along 
with hard marching, caused a good many of our regiment to get 
on the sick list. While in the camp a great many of the regi- 
ment were sent back to the rear sick. We did not stay long be- 
fore the regiment was on the tramp again. The roads were full 
of dust which made the marching terrible. On the march, nearly 
four days, a great many of the men gave out and fell from the 
ranks completely exhausted. The ambulances and regimental 
wagons were full, and one was fortunate if he got to ride at all. 
After a mail rode in an ambulance a while, the doctor would 
make him get out and another would take his place. Many a 
longing eye was turned toward the ambulances, for a chance to 
get into one of them. The sufferings of those days of marching 
was terrible to many a poor soldier. Some of them never re- 
covered from the effects of it. In fact, our first campaign in 
Kentucky was the ruin of our regiment, for even at that time we 
had earned the name of the "Scouting Regiment." On our way 
we passed throngh the town of Danville, Ky., going into camp 
five miles from Lebanon. 

The next morning Company B was detailed to go on picket, 
posted about a mile from camp, Avith orders to allow no one to 
]iass the lines Avithout a written pass from headquarters. A 
great nuiny soldiei's were already outside of the lines, foraging 
on their oavu account, and when they returned they were arrested 
and kept under guard until morning. Before the ])ickets were 
relieved, they had taken quite a pile of punqikins, chickens, etc.. 
but most of the ])lundei" was ])ennitted to' be taken along back tO' 
camp. 

While we were in camp at this place, our sutler arrived, and 
the boys were very glad to see him. It had been several weeks 
since he was with us. His arrival produced great excitement in 
the regiment and brii^ade. All the regiments in the brigade- 
wanted to buy from him, but our lieutenant colonel posted a 
sruai'd around his wagon, with orders to allow none but the- 
Eighty- first men to buy from hinL This created an unfriendly 
feeling in the other regiments, and they said they would clean 



20 History of the Eigldy -First Regiment, 

him out, h\\{ one of our boys jumped up in the wagon and offered 
to fight any one of them that wanted to pitch in. We expected 
a fight, but things cooled down ijmong them, and the sutler wavS 
not molested. The regiment had a jolly time that night, for it 
had been a long time since the sutler was with us. 

Before we left this camp we had quite a heavy fall of snow, 
which made things look winterish. Orders were received to be 
ready to move, and pretty soon we wxre on the road again for 
another long and tiresome march. Our destination was supposed 
to be Bowling Green. We reached there the last week in October, 
having been six days on the march. We marched to the outskirts 
of the town and went into cam}i. How long we were to remain 
we could not tell. Clothing was issued to the regiment at this 
place, for some of the men stood in great need of it. Shortly 
afterward a very large number of men were sent to the hospital, 
which reduced the regiment considerably. 

On November 4, we left Bowling Green to march to Nashville, 
Tenn. While on the march, we heard that General Buell had 
been relieved of the conunand of the army, and General Rose- 
crans was to take his place. We camped one night at Tyree 
Springs, a place bviilt for the comfort of pleasure seekers, but 
now deserted. It must be a delightful place in summer, making 
a fine place for a camp on account of the good and pure water. 
The next day," marching from this place, our advance was at- 
tacked by guerrillas who were posted in the mountains on the 
left of the road. Our regiment was ordered to double quick, 
which Avas done in excellent style, and we were very soon near 
the scene of the fight. A few companies of the regiment in ad- 
vance were deployed as skirmishers, and they very soon made 
the enemy decamp. There were several killed and wounded on 
the enemy's side. No one was hurt on our side. The sutler 
wagon of the TAventy-fifth Illinois was captured, but was re- 
taken before they got anything fi'om it. While the skirmishing 
Avas going on, some of our skirmishers climlied a A'ery high hill 
to fiank the enemy. Our lieutenant colonel, mistaking them for 
the enemy, one of our batteries opened on them and thrcAV a few 
shells, Avhen an orderly rode up, crying out that the}' Avere our 
own men, and to stop firing, AA^hich Avas-done immediately. Nearly 
all of the boys kncAV they Avere our men, but our lieutenant 
colonel thought different and ordered the battery to fire on 
them. It created a good deal of talk in the regiment for a long 
time afterward. 

We Avere ordered to move forAvai'd again. The air Avas pretty 
chilly, so Ave marched fast. ToAvard evening Ave came in sight 
of the city of Nashville, Tenn., Avhich Ave Avere all anxious to see. 
Our arriA^al had opened the city again to the outside AA^orld, as the 
enemy kept our men w^ho had garrisoned the place pretty close 



Indiana Volunfrcr Infantry, 1861-1865. 21 

to their works. We went into camp at a little town called Edge- 
field, on the opposite side of the river from Nashville. We were 
j;lad to get into camp to rest, for the last day's march was very- 
severe on ns. A great many of the boys had sore feet, and they 
had to limp most of the way. In the morning we moved farther 
towai'd the I'iver, and pnt np onr tents in i-eguhu- eami) style, it 
heing the fii-st chance for a good while. 

The day before we arrived the men had a skirmish with the 
enemy, who bnrned the railroad shops and some cars and then 
hurried off. A part of onr army marched over to Nashville and 
camped outside of the city, while others remained on this side 
of the river. A few days after we arrived the enemy destroxcd 
a tunnel on the Louisville and Nashville railroad, which caused 
quite a delay in transacting business between Nashville and 
Louisville. The mails and rations had to l)e wagoned thirty 
miles from Mitchell, which point was as fai' as railroad trains 
could go. Still we had plenty of rations, and did not want for 
anything. It took our wagon trains four days to go and return 
from Mitchell. The boys were now impatient for our sutler to 
arrive, and he was expected every day. Here we had i)lenty of 
drilling to do, besides fatigue duty of all kinds. Our captains 
drilled us daily, and we had battalion and regimental drill as 
well as brigade drill during the week. Our sutler arrived a few 
weeks afterward, and the boys were delighted. While we were 
there a great many of the friends of the boys in the regiment 
called to see them. 

Rumors began to circulate again that we would move soon. 
On the twenty-sixth orders came to march, but they Avere counter- 
manded, so we fixed up our tents again. When (Jeneral Rose- 
crans assumed command of the army, October 124, 18(52, the regi- 
ment was assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division of the 
Fourteenth Army Corps. ]\Iajor General McCook connnanding. 
Major General Jeff. C. Davis connnanding the division, and 
Colonel Wm. E. Woodruff commanding the brigade, consisting of 
the Twenty-fifth and Thirty-fifth Illinois, Eighty-fii-st Indiana 
and the Eighth Wisconsin Battery. 

(ieneral INIcCook, our connnander, belongs, as every one 
knows, to a fighting family, and when an opportunity offers no 
lack of generalshiji or coui'age will cause a reverse to our ai'my. 
General Jeff. C. Davis, our division connnander, as we well know, 
is a native Hoosier, and has already written his name high on the 
roll of fame by his skill and gallantry during the Avar. He is 
one on whom the army can rely in any emergency that may 
occur. General Woodruff, our brigade commander, is pretty 
well known, having served as an officer in the ^lexican war: he 
is a thorongh tactician, a strict discii)linarian and of undoul)ted 



22 History of flie Euihty-Firsl Regiment, 

•courage— just the mmi to lead the bi-i>iade, and is perfectly 
idolized by the men. 

Our camp life was the same every day, varied with little 
change in picket and fatigue duty. AVe received marching orders 
again on the evening of December '■\, 1862, so next morning we 
struck tents and packed up. We felt sorry to leave our camp, 
as we had begun to like the place right well. We marched from 
our camp and crossed the Cumberland River on a pontoon bridge, 
inarched through the city and out on the Franklin turnpike for 
about seven miles, when we filed to the left into a strip of woods 
a short distance from the road, and went into camp ; the grountl 
being marked off, we put up our tents and were soon fixed up 
for housekeeping. 

We had a heavy fall of snow the second day after we came 
here. This was a beautiful place to camp in, fine large trees all 
around us, and the ground was nice and clean. Our quarters 
were policed regular every morning, the companies being formed 
into messes. Each mess had a non-commissioned officer ap- 
pointed to see that the men obeyed all orders issued from head- 
quarters. At this time the weather was pretty cold and severe. 
Some of the boys had old camp kettles hung in their tents, which 
they would fill with live coals, warming up the tents very well — 
sometimes it made them too warm. We received new clothing 
after we came here. As guard and picket duty was pretty heavy, 
most all the boys drew overcoats, if nothing else; nearly every 
other day our regiment's turn came for guard on picket duty, 
and sometimes they had to stay on duty thirty-six hours, during 
which time, of course, out of rations, some of the boys eating 
walnuts and parched corn till they got back to camp. Our picket 
lines wei'e advanced further out, and in i-elieving the pickets they 
forget some of them, which was the cause of their remaining out 
so long, and this made picket duty a great bore sometimes. The 
officer of the day Avas constantly around the lines, and at night 
there was no telling when the grand rounds would pay us a 
visit, consequently we could hardly get to sleep before some one 
would call out, "Koll out, here comes the grand rounds.'' All 
the reserve wcmld jumj) up, half asleep, inish to the gun stack, 
get their guns and fall in line, if possible, before the grand 
rouiuls would arrive within saluting distance. During the day. 
Avhile part of one of the companies was on a picket post, the 
reserve were out in a field hunting and chasing rabbits. The 
officer of the day came around, and arrived at the post while the 
boys were running as hard as they could to get there before him. 
The alarm was given that he was coming, but some were so far 
oft' they could not get thei'e in time. The officer took it in good 
pait, but remarked to the lieutenant that he should be more cai-e- 
ful in 1be fnlni'c and not let the leserve scjittcr out so much. 



1)1(11(1)1(1 V()h(nf(rr h\fn)ifnj, 18(>1-186:'). 2* 

The lieutenant felt had al)()ut it, hut that nijjjlit tliere was such 
an uproar on the i)icket line tliat some of us went out to ascer- 
tain the cause. There were some of the hoys whistlinjj;, singino; 
and cutting: up generally along their heats— (^uite a ludicrous 
picket line, truly, with the enemy not far oft". Soon that was 
stopped, and everything got (piiet and orderly. 

On our way hack, we met couriei-s I'iding very fast, clearing 
the road. They were shouting that the general was advaiu'ing. 
We met several scpuids of cavalry trotting along, and in a few 
moments (ireneral Rosecrans and staff apj)roached. His statf was 
dressed very fine, in fact, nnich finer than the general. We took 
the right side of the road, and as we marched past we brouglit 
our guns to a shoulder, giving him a marching salute. One of 
his stafit' rode close to us, and inquired who we were. Our 
lieutenant replied that we were pickets, i-elieved and returning 
to camp. The boys were unich phrased with the ajipea ranee of 
our general. 

While we remained in cami), our regiment and brigade went 
out on several scouts in the direction of the enemy. On December 
15. 1862, our brighde went on a foraging expedition, leaving 
camp at daylight in the morning. The day was cloudy, but not 
very cold, we mai-ched about six miles and then halted, while 
our wagons drove into a large field on the right of the road and 
u]) to some barns and outhouses, and the boys connnenced 
filling the wagons right away. While some were doing this, the 
companies were posted away in advance, and on the i-ight and 
left of the road to give the alarm in case of dangei-. . One com- 
pany was posted to watch the rear. A great deal of caution was 
used, as this ground was used by both parties for foraging. 
Before the wagons were all loaded it began to rain, and rained 
very hard, but we had to stand and take it. Some of the men 
took shelter under trees for awhile, but it did not do much good. 
As soon as the wagons were loaded, we staffed back to camp. 
Part of the ])rigade marched in front and the balaiu'e in the rear. 
It rained very hard all the way back, and when we got to camp 
we were completely soaked through. A more dismal set of men 
you never saw. To make matters worse, we could not get our 
su])i>ers, as the rain beat out the fires— so all hands went to bed 
sui)]HM'less and wet to the skin. With all this, the boys were 
very jovial, and took it good-iuituredly. Befoi-e retiring, orders 
came to be ready to march in the morning with three days' 
rations in our haversacks. W^e thought this was ])<)oi' consolation 
foi- wet, supperless soldiers. We did not move the next morning, 
though the order was still in force, and we could not tell at what 
moment we would be called to march. 

It was at this camp we received a new tent, called a sheltei- 
tent, which was to be a substitut(^ foi- oui- Sililev tents. The 



24 History of ilie E'ujhiij-First Hcginicni, 

i'ei)ort was that when the army moved we would have to turn our 
Sibleys over and take the new ones. These tents were in two 
pieces about the size of half a sheet, with buttonholes all around 
the edge, about six inches apart. A button was sewed to every 
buttonhole, so any two spuare ends would button together. They 
were intended for two men, each man carrying his own half on 
his back. They were made of linen and weighed but very little. 
Their appearance created quite an excitement and no little 
disgust. They were condemned by both officers and men, and 
considered a grand humbug— something gotten up to kill the 
men by exposure. They were issued to all our companies, some 
of the men taking them and others refusing them. These were 
christened "dog tents" and "pvippy tents." A story was told, 
shortly after they were issued, that General Rosecrans was 
riding past a regiment one day, who had these dog tents, and he 
a.sked the l)oys how they liked them. They got down on their 
hands and knees and i-an into the tents and immediately after- 
ward stuck their heads out, imitating the barking of a dog. The 
general rode off laughing. It was not many months afterward 
though, that our army would not have any other kind of a tent. 
In fact, they became so attached to the dog tent that they could 
not do without it. They turned out to be the best thing we ever 
had, especially when we foiuid out liow Tiseful and handy they 
were. Our regiment never had any other up to the time they 
came home. The old shelter tent has done many a good day's 
service to the veteran soldier and he will never forget it. It 
lias been his companion in many a long dreary day's march. It 
has sheltered him from the wind and rain, by day and by night. 
It has been the home of his comrade and himself for many a year. 
i\Iany a letter has been written to his mother, wife, sweetheart or 
friend beneath its shelter, and many a one received from home 
lias been read by the light of a piece of candle stuck on a bayonet 
under its roof, or by the light of the tii-e built close to its mouth. 
j\Iany a life has gone out fi'om l)eneath its foids in the land of 
the enemy, far from home and the ones that were deeply loved. 
Joy and gladness, sorrow and sadness, have both paid it a visit 
while it was the home of the boys in blue. It has been laid away, 
securely packed, and the bugU^ call that has been blown so often 
to strike it will be heai'd no more by us. 



hidiaiKi Voluiiffcr I iifdiilry, ISGl-lSaT). 



CHAPTER IV. 

Till-: BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 

On December 24, 1862, we heard that we were to break up 
our camp the next mornin<i' and commence anotlier campaign 
against the enemy. We felt sorry to leave because it was a very 
nice place, and we had some pleasant times there. A great many 
of the boys expected to get their Christmas presents from home 
before they left, but this was Chi-istmas eve and part of the men 
Avere out on picket, and those who were in camp did not feel in 
the best of spirits. Several of our officers and men were sick 
and excused from duty, and another detail of our regiment was 
ordered out on picket, and a few hours afterward the whole 
regiment fell in and marched out of camp, bidding it farewell, 
leaving behind only those that were sick and others on extra 
duty. Before the regiment was ordered to march all our camp 
equipage was loaded on wagons and ordered inside of the en- 
trenchments at Nashville. 

How the name of that city sounds to us now ! Xo wonder 
we felt sad, for from first to last we left more than fifty of our 
boys at Nashville, who died there, and during our term of service 
we lost at least one hundred who were killed or died in the 
hospitals and were buried there. 

That individual known as the paymaster was said to be in 
the vicinity and the boys were looking for him anxiously, as the 
thoughts of winter and loved ones at home made them anxious 
for his aj^pearance. Some of the regiments hei'e had not l)een 
l)aid oft' for six or seven months. The regiment moved with 
the main army on Murfreesboro. Tenn.. and Avas in position on 
the right Aving Avhen the enemy's forces made their terril)le 
charge at the battle of Stone River on December 31, 1862. The 
brigade to Avhich it was attached successfully repelled the fierce 
onslaught of the enemy, and held its position until the brigades 
upon both flanks fell back, rendering a retrograde movement 
necessary. In the desperate battle the p]ighty-first lost four 
killed, forty-four AA^ounded and forty missing, making a total of 
eighty-eight. The regiment took ])art in the flghting on the two 
subsequent days of that battle and entered Murfreesboro Avith the 
main army. There is no report from the conmianding of^cer of 
the Eighty-first of this battle, but the folloAving is the report of 
Colonel Wm. p]. AVoodrufP, commanding the brigade, and in 
speaking of the Eighty-first, he says: 



26 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

"The brigade was formed at dawn into two lines, the 
Twenty-fifth Illinois on the left and the Thirty-fifth Illinois 
on the right in the first line of battle, and the Kighty-first 
Indiana, Lieutenant Colonel Tiniberlake, in the second line in 
reserve, the extreme left on the right of the turnpike. The 
Eighth Wisconsin Battery of four guns, was placed between 
General Sills' right and my left and in my front, consisting of 
two companies from the Twenty-fifth and Thirty-fifth Illinois. 
The command pressed forward in splendid order, and soon 
became hotly engaged and drove the enemy back through 
the woods and cornfield into their own lines. As we were 
now far in advance of any support upon the left, I deemed 
it advisable to halt and wait for them to come up, and 
therefore took position in the rear of a rail fence, my right 
nearly at right angles to my line of battle, thereby obtaining an 
oblique as well as a direct fire, but the space to be occupied by the 
brigade was so great that the Eighty-first Indiana was ordered 
up to complete the line, thereby leaving me no reserve. We slept 
on our arms without fire and prepared for the battle Avhich 
we well knew would open as soon as day dawned. I examined 
the line of battle, and found I had no support. I asked General 
Sills to send to General Davis and tell him the situation, and 
he informed me I must hold the position a« best I could, for he 
had no support to send me. I then took a position some three 
hundred yards in the rear in a belt of timber, the Eighty-first 
Indiana sheltered by a rail fence and were partially protected, 
who fired with * the coolness of veterans. The officers and 
men of the Kighty-first Indiana, a new regiment, the first time 
under fire, with but few exceptions, manfully fronted the storm 
of battle, and gave earnest proof of doing what was expected of 
them. Lieutenant Colonel Timberlake and Major Woodbury dis- 
played manly courage, and held their regiment firm and steady 
under a heavy fire. For officers and men young in the service 
they were worthy of imitation for th(^ manner in which they 
served on the field of l)att]e amid the storm of shot, shells and 
bullets, regardless of all save the performance of duty. The 
casualties of the conniiand were small in comparison to the fire 
they received and the sei-vice done." 

We arrived in the vicinity of Murfreesboi'o Monday evening, 
and the battle soon opened, as the enemy had led a portion of 
our cavalry into an ambuscade, and (juite a spirited fight took 
y)lace. We were inniiediately formed in line of battle and slept 
on our arms that night. The next day about 10 o'clock we 
formed again in an old cotton field. There seemed a prospect 
of some wai-m work ahead. We stripi)ed oui'selves of blankets 
and kna|)sacks. as our bi'igadi' began to move forward towar<l 



D 



IiididiKi VoliDiUiy J iifdiilrij, 1861-1865. 27 

a thick wood in which the enemy had posted their skirmishers. 
Our skirmishers were thrown forward and soon the work of 
death conmienced. The wood was soon cleared and ue were 
ordered to move still further forward to a position in front of tlie 
enemy, alonji' the edi»e of a eornlield and under a heavy fire 
from the enemy. Oui- re^iiiuMit advjuiced in splendid style until 
they reached the fence. When within twenty or tliirty feet of 
it the tirst man fell, which was Lieutenant Sanuiel Wild, of 
(\)mi)any K, who has since died. He w^as shot through the 
thigh. Our boys opened fire on the enemy, but as they had 
retired, with the exception of the skirmishers, it did not amount 
to nuK'h. but the occasional whiz of a bullet told us they were 
still there and watching us closely. In this position we renuiined 
until night, when we were ordered to lie on our arms, without 
fires, and, as it was pretty cold, you may rest assured it was not 
a very pleasant job. Early Wednesday morning, as we were 
thinking of getting a cup of coffee, the enemy made their 
appearance in large numbers on the opposite side of the field, 
and soon showed us that othei- work than eating was at hand. 
Captain Carpenter's Eighth Wisconsin Battery was soon in 
position, and oju^ned fire on them with a cheer, but the enemy 
still advanced and soon the crash of musketry was added to 
the roar of the cannon. Like an avalanche they came on our 
boys, pouring into us volley after volley until they had reached 
the fence, when the order was given us to fall back. Reluctantly 
the order was obeyed, the boys firing all the while. As soon as 
the order was given to rally, the boys moved forward, and 
wnth a cheer our brigade advanced (m the enemy. It was in this 
advance that Captain Abbott, color-bearer of the regiment, fell, 
pierced with three balls. He was a brave and true man. The 
enemy was driven back into the fields, but l)eing reinforced again 
advanced, and after a desperate resistance, and being exposed to 
a cross-fire on each flank, our brigade again fell back. AVe soon 
rallied and with a cheer threw ourselves forward upon the foe, 
who were unable to stand the onset, again retreated and got 
back into the field. Our boys followed them up to the fence, 
when they again rallied, and with a cheer, which was returned 
with a shout of defiance, they again closed with us. As our 
support had failed to rally, and despite the heroic work of Car- 
penter's battery, which had lost several men and its gallant 
captain, who was pierced by a ball through the brain early in 
the battle, and had one piece which was unmanageable from the 
loss of horses, and as the enemy by their overwhelming numbers 
had succeeded in flanking each wing, w^e were compelled to fall 
back, which was done, many of the men firing sullenly as they 
went, leaving the field some distance in the rear of their colors, 
which had been borne aloft tlu'ouiih all the conflict. We retired 



28 History of the Eighty-First licgiment, 

under cover of a battery, a short distance in the rear of our 
original position, under a heavy tire of musketry and a battery 
playing on us. The officers of the Eighty-first behaved most 
gallantly, earning the applause and love of all their men. Toa 
much can not be said in favor of our field officers. On the fall 
of Captain Abbott, Lieutenant Colonel Timberlake seized the 
flag and held it aloft, finally handing it to Sergeant Simnis, who 
bore it the balance of the day. Major AVoodbury, acting as 
lieutenant colonel, and Captain Howard, acting as major, bore 
themselves most gallantly. 

By the list of casualties it will be seen that the Eighty-first 
suffered severely as it went into the battle with less than three 
hundred men. The Twenty-fifth and Thirty-fifth Illinois in our 
brigade did deeds of heroism and they suffered severely. Shortly 
after the battle the regiment was called out to support a body of 
our men who were hard-pressed, by a large body of the enemy, 
and, although they had to double-quick it for over a mile and 
forded Stone River three times, they went on the field in good 
order under a perfect shower of shot and shell. This position 
they held for two days, in a drenching cold rain, and were then 
withdrawn farther to the. rear to allow them to recuperate a 
little. Our brigade had been in the advance most of the time 
and had a hard time of it. That the boasting Bragg and all the 
enemies had been routed, and that, too, most effectually, does not 
admit of a doubt, although at that time the consununation of the 
event so devoutly wished for by every true friend of the Union 
looked rather gloomy. But with General Rosecrans there is no 
such thing as fail, and with an obstinate, persevering de- 
termination he pursued his course, ever ready to take advantage 
of any point exposed by the enemy or remedy any mishap that 
might occur to his command. His men had the utmost con- 
fidence in him, and were satisfied that if they trusted in Provi- 
dence, kept their powder dry, and obeyed the orders of General 
Rosecrans, all would be right, and the glorious results has 
fully justified their most sanguine expectations. After the 
evacuation of Murfreesboro, our brigade had moved forward 
and was encamped about two miles south in a very pleasant 
grove, and were busily engaged in making out our pay-rolls, re- 
ports, requisitions, etc., in order to get ready for another ad- 
vance as soon as possible. Our brigade, on account of losing- 
blankets shelter tents, etc., was not in order to move without 
causing a great deal of suffering among the men. It was said 
an effort would be Diade to pay us otf before we moved, but the 
boys had been fooled so often that they almost began to despair 
of ever getting any moi-e pay. 



Indiana Vohiniccr Infantry, 1861-1865. 29 

Colonel Caldwell aiTived in camp, looking as gay and happy 
i\H ever and much improved in health since he left ns. He was 
in command of the brigade. 

Some of the New Albany boys made very narrow escapes 
during the fight on Tuesday and Wednesday. Sergeant James 
M. Graham, of Company E (a braver and better soldier does not 
exist), while out skirmishing, exposed a portion of his body. 
While drawing a bead on a rebel a bullet cut two pretty little 
holes in his pants, just grazing his knee. Fortunately he escaped 
unhurt, although being exposed during the wliole of the en- 
gagement of the second day. Sergeant Joseph Coh^ was struck 
by a piece of shell in the breast, which went through his over- 
coat, dresscoat, five or six letters, shattering a picture to pieces, 
and inflicted several gashes. Joe is still knocking around, but 
says it was rather too close for comfort. 

The enemy in many instances stripped all our dead, where 
they had a chance, if the clothing was new, l)ut if they were 
old they contented themselves by taking otf the buttons. The 
body of Lieutenant Morgan, of Company B, was found sti'ipped 
of everything, except his drawers, shirt and waistcoat. He 
was a brave fearless and accomplished officer, and well may 
Company B honor him. He left a host of friends in the regi- 
ment, to whom he became endeared by his many noble qualities 
of heart. 

The health of the regiment at this time was very good, nuich 
better than would have been supposed from the exposure the 
boys had undergone. In fact, for some days after the battle we 
were without a surgeon, but things looked brighter after Doctor 
Fonts, a very gentlemanly and accomplished surgeon, took the 
regiment in charge and the sick list was daily reduced. Con- 
valescents and what few stragglers Ave had after the battle were 
daily coming in and the prospects of tne regiment began to 
brighten. We were still in camp near Murfreesboro, and how 
nnu^h longer we would stav we could not tell. 



30 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 



CHAPTER V. 

OUR WAGON TRAIN DESTROYED BY THE REBELS. 

When the regiment was getting ready to leave Nashville thero 
were some changes, as such a move made it necessary. Corporal 
Callagher, of Company B, was appointed ordnance sergeant, 
and all the old gnns, accounterments, etc., belonging to the regi- 
ment was turned over to him, as well as the regimental ammuni- 
tion. Everything was loaded into wagons and ordered inside of 
the entrenchments at Nashville. There were several wagons 
in the detail, for they had all the regimental baggage along 
with the balance. After remaining in Nashville until December 
29th they started out for the regiment. While the battle of 
Stone River was going on they were experiencing some rough 
times. The train of wagons numbered about three hundred. 
The detail from the regiment was Ordnance Sergeant John J. 
Gallagher, Company B; Neil McClellan, Company B; Assistant 
Wagonmaster of the regiment, James Williams, Company A: 
Sergeant Emery Lahue, Company C, and Melvin Bruner, Com- 
pany B. When the train left Nashville it was a beautiful morn- 
ing and everything looked bright and cheerful. They travel.ed 
all day until about two or three o'clock, when they reached a 
little town about fifteen miles from Nashville. Here the train 
halted and corraled for the night in the town, the inhabitants 
having left, the houses being deserted. As there were two 
wagons from our regiment, they drove up alongside of a ouc- 
story frame house and the drivers commenced unharnessing the 
nudes. While doing so, orders came to send a wagon back on 
the road six miles for corn for forage, which was in a camp lately 
held by the enemy. Sergeant Gallagher was one of the detail 
to go back with the wagons. The order came from an uiuiuthor- 
ized source, but the boys did not refuse to go. When they got 
out on the pike they found several other wagons detailed for the 
same purpose, each containing a guard. They went the six miles 
in a swee])ing gallop back toward Nashville, one of the hardest 
wagon rides they had ever experienced, and they all felt as if 
every bone in their bodies were broken. They arrived at the 
camp and drove into the field, found the corn in large quantities 
posted their pickets at the proper distance, and conunenced load- 
ing as (|uickly as j)ossiblc. Tn a few moments their wagons were 
loaded, and they drove oul on the pike and hurried back to 



Indiana Volutiteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 31 

camp. In a short time supper was ready, and, having a good 
appetite from their pleasant ride, they did full justice to it. 
They soon retired to rest, taking up their quarters in the wagons 
Of course they did not sleep much. They were up early in the 
morning and found a drizzling rain falling, making everything 
look miserable. It made the boys feel gloomy, but after break- 
fast ever.ything was gotten ready to move in ease an order came 
to do so, but they laid there hour after hour and no order came. 
Of course the boys could not account for it. They could hear of 
no fighting in front, yet there was no order to move. The dinner 
hour arrived, so they sat down to dinner, and after dinner 
wandered around and smoked their pipes to help pass away the 
time. Still no order came to move. About two o'clock some of 
the boys went to the wagons to lay down and take a nap. As 
they were fixing to make themselves comfortable, they looked 
out from the back of the wagons toward the road and l)eheld a 
sight that caused their hearts to beat f(uickly, for as far as they 
could see there was nothing but the enemy's cavalry gallo])ing 
about, dressed in the wdl-known butternut clothing, hooping, 
yelling and rushing around like madmen in every direction. 
The boys seized their guns and ran to the nearest house and 
breathlessly awaited further developments. No one seemed to 
have any command or authority ovei- the men or train. In the 
midst of the excitement some of the boys found they had no caps 
on their gnms, although when they started they had their pouches 
full. They were soon furnished with plenty of caps. They were 
huddled together on the porch of the house, having full view 
of the enemy, Avho were yelling and going in every direction and 
firing at the wagons of the train. Some one in the party 
counseled prudence and not to fire, as we were so largly out- 
numbered, and it would go hard with us if we did so. Before 
we could decide what to do, a company of the enemy's cavalry 
came dashing down upon us with y)istols and carl)ines in both 
hands, pointing at us and yelling like fiends, ordering us with 
curses to surrender and march out from where we were posted, 
and do so as quickly as possible. All this took place in less 
time than it takes to write it. We were ordered, in no very 
polite manner, to march quickly up to a hill a few hundred yards 
in our front. Our men could be seen running in all directions, 
and we could see the enemy in every direction galloping about. 
shoAving plainly that we were surrounded before the charge was 
made upon us. While we were hurrying toward the hill we were 
stopped by several rebs. who demanded to know if we had any 
pistols about us, as they were anxious to get them. They did not 
make nnich off of us in that line. AVhen Ave were first taken 
prisoners we Avere ordered to throAV down our arms, but some of 
the bovs did not hear the order at the time, and AA'ere carrAnng 



32 History of ilie EigJify-First Regiment, 

them M'ith them toward the hill when they were stopped l3y tlie 
rebs, who informed them, in their usual polite style, that if they 
did not drop their guns they would soon hear from them in 
another manner not pleasant to our feelings, and of course the 
boys, not wishing to put them to any trouble on their account, 
threw the guns down, and their accouterments also. On arriving 
at the top of the hill we came upon a line of our men drawn u}) 
in two ranks. We were ordered to fall in with them, and a rebel 
harangue was made to us by Colonel Hawkins, C. S. A. The 
speech w^as made in a quick, excited manner and we were ordered 
to hold up our right hands and swear that we would not take 
up arms against the Southern Confederacy until honorably ex- 
changed. As soon as this was done the men broke ranks and 
scattered in every direction. Everything was done in the midst 
of excitement. Rebel horsemen kept yelling and riding in every 
direction. By this time all of our trains were fired and burning 
rapidly. We asked permission from a Confederate officer if we 
could go down to our wagons and secure some of our things. 
Our request was granted, and we flew, not having time to run, 
but found them all in a blaze. One of our wagons contained 
our headquarters, baggage and equipments, together with the 
adjutant's desk containing the books and papers of the regi- 
ment, as well as the regimental state colors. All of which were 
destroyed. We endeavored to save our knapsacks, but found 
them laying by the side of the wagons torn open and the con- 
tents confiscated by some lucky reb, leaving behind onl.y some 
l)lankets, and other little notions they did not want. While we 
were picking us these a reb came along and was going to deprive 
us of them on the supposition, we s\ipposed, that to the victor 
belongs the spoils, but with some little persuasion we were per- 
mitted to keep .them, but it was very little benefit we derived 
from them after all. AVhile packing them up we were ordered 
by a petty, saucy-looking "reb" to go and catch a mule, and be 
quick about it, too. As some of the boys did not wish to mis- 
understand him, they asked him what he Avanted, when he in- 
formed us in a style not to be misunderstood, with a volley of 
wMu-ds not necessary to mention here, that we had better hurry 
or we should hear something (the enemy had a very polite way 
of speaking to prisoners during that time). So looking around, 
we saw several of the men catching nuiles and mounting them, 
and not wishing to trouble the gentleman any more we ran to 
where some mules were tied and unloosed them, threw our 
l)lankets on them, and, after several attempts, mounted them. 
It being the first time some of us had the honoi- of appearing on 
a nude, some of the nuiles having nothing but halters around 
their necks, we had (|uite a time to manage them, as we had no 
chance to get a bridle. After we were mounted it took some 



Jlidi'lIKi Vol Ulll( cr J lifillil ri/, Jsa l-l^h:'). 33 

time to get liis iiml('slii[) to start, hut after .sundry and repeated 
kicks, vigorously applied' with our heels to Ids sides, given uuder 
the gi-eatest exeitenient of ndnd at the time, we got them to move 
oat toward the pike, where we found a numher of our men halted 
under guard and all on mules, waiting for further orders. A 
gloomy feeling erept over us by this time, for we saw a fair 
prospeet of a long i-ide with the rebs, and perhaps Andersonville 
prison in the end, which was, under the circumstances, calculated 
to make us feel gloomy. Some of the boys never having rode 
a mile on horseback in their lives, they could not help feeling 
that it would go hard with them gallo[)ing through woods and 
fields on the back of a mule without saddle or bridle, surrounded 
with rough men, and enemies at that. Shortly after we joined 
the j)risoners we were ordered forward under guard toward the 
head of the column. As far as we could see there were enemies in 
every direction. They were at halt while we were moving for- 
ward. Some of them Avere in crowds in the woods, around boxes 
of jilundei- taken from our trains. Clothing was being dis- 
tributed among soine of them, and in every direction could be 
seen broken trunks, valises, etc., that belonged to our officers, 
laying scattered over the ground as we rode along. We ran 
across some pretty rough rebs. "VVe were cursed every once in a 
while, and what little things we had were taken from us. Thei-e 
was no help for it; it was useless to api)eal to their offic(M's. 
Every few nnnutes the officer of the guard would shout out. 
"Close up prisoners!" when we would all start off in a galloj) 
for a short distance, and then dwindle down to a slow trot. At 
last w'e arrived at the head of the colunni. when we were ordered 
to halt. 

Wc could not help but smile at some of our crowd, for they 
looked so ridiculous. Sergeant Lahue, of our I'cgiment, was a 
very tall man— over six feet and very lean. He had ini- 
fortunately mounted a very small mule and the consecpuMice was 
his feet nearly touched the ground, and his whole attention 
seemed to be engaged in steering clear of stumps and trees. 
While we were halted some of the I'cbs talked with us and asked 
us what we came down there for, and if we thought they had 
horns growing out of their heads. They said we were being 
whip|>ed all ai'ound, that we could never subdue the South., and a 
lot of othei" stuif. AVe answei'cd several of their (pu^stions. })ut 
as several moiv of their campanions .joined in we thought it best 
to di-y u]) and say nothing. One of them wanted to buy Neil 
McClellairs boots, but he said he did not want to sell, for if he 
hati he would have been com])elled to take ])ay in Confederate 
scrip. A great many of them Avere dressed in citizens' clothes, 
which caused us to suppose that a number of the citizens in 
the innuediate vicinity of Nashville had purposely joined this 



34 History of tJtc Eighty-First Regiment, 

gany: to war upon our trains in the rear, of our army men who 
no doubt bore a good loyal name on the books of the provost 
marshal at Nashville. Our supposition proved to be true in some 
respects, because the next day, whenever we passed a home, the 
men in citizens' clothes would drop from the ranks, ride up and 
dismount and that was the last we would see of them. There 
was no honor among them ; they were a perfect set of cut-throats ; 
nothing was disgraceful with them as long as it benefited their 
cause. 

When we halted we were placed in the center of the column. 
There were about forty-six prisoners altogether, mostly teamsters. 
For a while we moved pretty rapidly through the woods. After 
we had ridden about two hours our legs became very painful. 

AVe came across one man from Northern Alabama who said 
that he held out for the Union as long as possible, but when his 
State seceded he went with her, and now he felt sure the South 
would succeed. He seemed to be a Christian man, and from his 
conversation we thought a kind-hearted man, and, although we 
were enemies, we could not help but respect him. Most of the time 
we rode very fast, but just a little before dark we came to a halt. 
Our companions told us to look through the timber and we would 
.see something, as they were about to make a charge. We did 
so, and could see a small town (which we aftei'M^ard learned was 
Nolinsville) , and near it were five or six United States army 
wagons. We could see the boys in blue w^alking about, and some 
of them appeared to be getting supper. Presently a long yell 
was given and a long line of rebel cavalry charged down upon 
them and their wagons. They ran in every direction, but it was 
in vain, for what was a handful of men against thousands of the 
enemy. No doubt the enemy felt glorious over such a charge 
a.s that, and some of them did, too, because shortly afterward 
we saw several of them under the influence of whisky taken 
from a sutler's wagon that was captured with the rest. These 
wagons were all burnt the same as were ours ; and Avith a small 
addition of fresh prisoners we took the road again. AVhen we 
got on the pike, we started oft* on a regular gallop, which con- 
tinued for some time, then we wheeled into the woods again and 
rode some distance, it being by this time nearly dark. Just 
about dark we arrived at the camp they had picked out for the 
night. The night was very cold and quite a number of fires 
were burning in every direction. In a few moments we were 
told to march up into a field a short distance and dismount and 
build fires. A guard was detailed to watch us for the night. 
Some of the men got rails, and our fires were soon burning. All 
the mules were tied to a fence close at hand. Most of the boys 
wei-e nearly famished for water. This was certainly the most 
exciting day we had spent in the army so far; we felt so stiff and 



Indiana Voluntco- Jnfantnj, 1861-1865. 35 

sore from riding that we eoiikl hardly move about. We had 
eaten nothing since dinner and our present surroundings did not 
give ns any appetite. We did not have much for suj^per ; a few 
crackers and a little piece of bacon, that was captured from us, 
was all we had. Some of the enemies that were dressed in our 
clothes came and talked with us to see what they could find out, 
thinking that they could deceive us because they were dressed in 
blue, but they were mistaken. (Teneral Rosecrans soon afterward 
put a stop to it by issuing an order that all rebs caught in our 
uniform would be hung, which was a good thing at the time. 
We laid down by the fire and tried to sleep, the night being 
very cold, and, having no blankets, we felt chilly. About the 
time we began to doze, an order came to jump up and be ready 
to march; so we got up, feeling so stiff we could hardly move. 
It was about 2 o'clock in the morning, and the last day of the 
year 1862. 

There was continued firing of guns all night on their out- 
posts, for what reason we could not find out. We l)egan to feel 
interested in what they were going to do wath us. Some said Ave 
would be paroled and others said they would send us to Rich- 
mond, Va. We were kept in a state of suspense until the order 
came to mount a mule and march out. When we got out on 
the road w^e halted, and stayed there several hours. Finally the 
order came to move forward. Some of the boys were so sore and 
stiff they could not ride on the sharp backs of nuiles. When 
daylight came. Sergeant Gallagher asked an officer, who seemed 
to be in command, if he could not get a saddle, as he was not 
able to ride in his present condition. He said he would not. 
After riding for several miles, he got off of his mule and tried to 
walk, but as soon as he got on the ground, he w^as ordered, with 
curses, to mount again, and as his mule was gone he could not 
do so, but just then Mell Bruner came along and took him up on 
his mule behind him. That relieved him some, and of co^^rse■, 
being with one of his own company and from the same town, 
he felt more like he was at home, or, at least, among friends ; but 
they did not fare so well. Bruner had to get off and walk, so that 
left him on the mide ))y himself. In a short time he felt so badly 
that he had to get off of that mule, but no sooner was he off than 
he was cursed and given orders to mount again, and that quickly. 
Not having any mule to mount, one was brought to him. He got 
on it and soon caught up, but in a short time he was feeling so 
badly that he could not stay on him. He got off again, another 
nuile was brought and one of the toughest rebs in the gang took 
charge of him. After cursing him for some time, he ordered 
him to mount. He told him he could not. as felt too weak. They 
came to a house and he ordered one of his men to get a bridle 
and saddle. After it was put on the nnile he was ordered to 



36 Jlisiory of the Eightij-Firsi Rajinicnt, 

mount, telling him if he got oft' again he would give him the 
contents of his gun. He did not ride over five hundred yards 
before he felt so badly that he fell oft' of the mule on the side of 
the I'oad. One of the officers came back and asked what was 
the matter; they told him that a prisoner was keeping them 
behind. The officer proved to Ije General AVheeler, their com- 
mander. Just then another mule came along, and he mounted 
him and managed to catch up with the other prisoners. They 
were all glad to see him, especially Bruner. They all rode on 
until about 11 a. m., when they came to a large farmhouse. A 
halt was made and they were brought into a lar-ge yard and 
ordered to dismount and bring corn for the mules. 

AVhile they were there, an officer came to some of the boys 
and took them into the house, where the.y found a lot of rebel 
officers and some of our men. An officer asked if any of them 
could write, and they told him they could. So he gave them a 
copy of a parole and told them to write some copies oft' for the 
men, and he Avould sign them. After they had written about a 
dozen they took them to the officer, whose name was Hawkins 
While the paroles were being signed, some of the boys both 
Union and rebel, were in the cook house, Avherc a negro woman 
was cooking some corn dodgers for them. On each side of the 
stove were Union and rebel soldiers watching closely the cakes 
and before they were hardly done, either one or the other would 
grab them and run off. The old cook would sometimes slap 
their knuckles Avith her ladle for being so smai-t: the i'liioii boys 
thought that she generally favored them. 

An officer came out and told them that (Jeneral AVhe(4er's 
orders were that they should give up their ovei'coats and l)lankets. 
They did not like that order very nuich. so some of them played 
off sick and got to keep them. 

They were then ordered to fall into line, fuul a speech was 
made to them, informing them they were regulai- prisoner's of war 
and that they must respect their ]iaroles or sutt'er the conse- 
quences, and that they had better i-emain at home than to come 
down there burning and ])illaging; that tiiey could never conquer 
the South. They were then told that they had better inarch back 
to Nashville and that they had bettei- have a Avhite flag ahead 
of them, as the road Avas full of guerrillas, who. if they did not 
see the flag, might fire on them. 

While all this was taking ])lace the ))attle of Stone River was 
going on, for they could hear firing in front. Several leb'*^! 
horsemen rode up, their horses covered with foam, and said ihe 
Confederate Army was driving Kosecrans, that Cheatham was 
driving his right wing ])ack. and before night the whole Yni:I:eo 
Armv would be in Naslivillc. 



1 iidUnia Vdltnihw I ii/<nil ri), 1^^01-186'). 37 

Our iiu'ii were oixlered to iiKvve out on tlie road to Nashville. 
When tliey stai'ted, a dnmiiuei- hoy tixed a white handkerchief 
to a poh^ and marched ahead of them, and tliey l)a(k^ a <ilad fai'e- 
well to tlie rehel cause. I^efoie they left they noticed quite a 
conniiotion amoni;' them, which they su])i)osed was caused by 
some news they had gotten from the battletield. Our men had 
l)een with them about twenty-four hours, and they said there 
was more misery and sutfering erannned into that short space of 
time than they ever endured in all their lives. Wheeler's cavalry 
iiumhei'ed about a full division. The Federals were taken 
j)risoiiei-s about 3 ]>. m., December 30. 18(52. and up to the time 
they were i)ar()led had riddoi sixty miles. 

After getting out on the i)ike they found there were forty- 
six of them, all told — privates, teamsters, wagonmasters, drum- 
mer boys, non-commiiisioned ofiHeers and a captain. They formed 
themselves in company order, and, with the white tlag flying 
before them, took up their march to Nashville, some thirty miles 
away. They could still hear the sound of the battle that was 
going on at that time. Toward night they stopped at a log 
house on the road and stayed all night, some of the boys going 
to a neighlioring straw stack and getting straw, which made 
comfortable beds. The night was pretty cold, but they had a 
good fire in the fireplace. 

The next morning. New Year's Day, they were on the load 
again, and arrived on the outskirts of the city in due time, but 
were stopped by the pickets. They stated to the guard who they 
were, and Avei-e oi'dered to report to the provost marshal, who 
ordered them to r'e}>ort to the barracks, which was a large l)riek 
building, known as the Zollicotfcr House. While they were in 
Nashville they had a visit from two members of the regiment — 
James IjcC'lare and Peter B(>hart— wdio were wounded at Stone 
Kiver. and shortly afterward Lieutenant Colonel Timberlake 
called on them. They were sent North from Nashville on" Jan- 
uary 24. 1863. and arrived at Louisville, Ky.. the next morning. 
They then went on to Indianapolis. Ind.. where they stayed luitil 
June 3d, when they were ordered to join their regiment and leave 
for the front. In a few days they were back to the regiment, 
which was still in camp near Murfreesboro, Tenn.. remaining' 
there a few days. They were ordered to return North as they 
had not been properly exchanged, so on June 22d they started 
for Camp Chase, near Columbus. Ohio. After being there a shoi't 
time they were transferred to hidianapolis. where they remained 
until October 7. 1863. when they were ordered to join their 
regiment, then in camp at Bi'idgeport. Alabama. 



8>> History of the Eighty-Firsi liKjimeiit, 



CHAPTER VI. 

WINTERING NEAR MURFREESBORO. 

The Fourteenth Army Corps was organized on October 24, 
1862, with General Roseerans in command; the right wing under 
General McCook. the center under General Thomas, and the left 
under General Crittenden. On January 9, 1868, the Fourteenth 
Army Corps was confined to the center, and the right wing was 
the Twentieth Army Corps, and the left wing the Twenty-first 
Army Corps. In this reorganization the Eighty-first was in the 
first division, second brigade, of the Twentieth Army Corps, 
with Ma.ior General McCook conmianding— General Jeff C. 
Davis commanding the division and (Jeneral Wm. P. Carlin com- 
manding the l)rigade. which consisted of the Twenty-first and 
Thirty-eighth Illinois, Eighty-first Indiana, the One Hundred 
and First Ohio and Second Minnesota Battery. 

January 25, 1863, found us still in camp near Murfreesboro. 
The regiment had .just got a good supply of annnunition and 
were resting and waiting patiently for something to turn up. 
The enemy were said to be in force somewhere within twenty 
or thirty miles from us, but as each report located them at a 
different place it caused us but little uneasiness; nevertheless 
we were busy burnishing up our arms. We heard all kinds of 
reports to-day. It was reported that Bragg was largely rein- 
forced and was coming back to gobble us up, but as it takes two 
to ])lay that kind of a game, we were ready for him. 

Lieutenant Colonel Timberlake resigned January 25. The 
boys were going out foraging daily, but generally in prettv 
strong forces and fully prepared for any emergency. The whole 
army was in a state of readiness, either for attack or defense, at 
a moment's notice. The men all had the most unbounded con- 
fidence in (ieneral Koseci-ans; in fact, they thought him invin- 
cible, and their division and brigade generals were looked upon 
with the utmost confidence. It was raining; in fact, we had a 
great deal of rain. The health of the regiment was improving, 
and numbers Avere daily coming in from the hospitals. There 
seemed to be verv little to disturl) the dull monotonv of camp 
life. 

Fel)ruary 11. 18();}. we still held the camp near Murfreesboro. 
Our division had b<MMi out on a scout foi- fifteen davs. liurrving 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-186'). 39 

iij) the enemy in the country thereabouts. They had been in the 
neighborhood of Fi'anklin several days, and we had some skir- 
mishes with them. The camp had been very dull, but had been 
enlivened to some extent by the appearance of a number of the 
;-e«riment who had been left at various liospitals. There were 
but few severe cases of sickness in camp, and but very few were 
now sick enough to be excused from duty at the surgeon's sick 
call. We were called upon to pay the last tribute of respect to 
one of our comrades, Mr. Thomas Richardson, of Company K. 
He died in the hospital in camp of typhoid fever, after a short 
illness. His brother was present with him and all was done for 
him that could be under the circumstances, but it was of no avail. 
His reniains were taken to Murfreesboro under an escort of his 
companions in arms and interred in the cemetery at that j)lace. 
The funeral was superintended in person by our quartermaster. 
Wm. H. Daniels, and was carried out in the best manner possible 
with the means at his conunand. He was a young man much 
i-espected and beloved l\v those with whom he was associated. 

The boys had been looking eagerly for the paymaster for a 
long time. Most of them were getting short of funds and we 
heard that he was in Murfreesboro, so we expected him soon. 

One of the boys received a letter from Conn-ade F. T. Monroe, 
who Avas captured by the rebs at Stone Rivei-. I will give it to 
you in his own language and you will see he had a pretty ex- 
tensive trip among the enemy, and a hard time scratching gravel 
through the enemy's country: ' 

' ' Annapolis, Md., Feb. 3, 1868. . 

"On the morning of December 31, 1862, at the battle of 
Mui'freesboio. early in the action, I received a wound in my 
right shoulder, but it was not very painful. I kept on tiring 
and got all mixed up with the Twenty-fifth Illinois. Avhen another 
ball took olil' one of my lingers. I fell l)ack to the Eighty-first 
Avhen Oaptain Wheeler told me to go back to the hospital. I 
started back when a piece of spent shell struck me between the 
shoulders and knocked me senseless. When I came to myself, T 
moved on to the hospital, but had not been there long when the 
rel)s had i)ossession of us, and mai'ched us off to town. The 
next morning we took the cars for Chattanooga, and from there 
to Atlanta, Ga., then on to Montgomery, Ala., where for some 
reason not known to us, Ave Avere taken back to Atlanta, then to 
Dalton, and to Richmond, Ya., by the Avay of Lynchburg. We 
were eighteen days making the trip and Avere nearly starved to 
death. I had gone three days Avithout anything to eat. We were 
hauled about in stock cars fidl of filth. I have l)een through 
tight and horri])le places, but Avhen you ])ass through the 
Southern Confederacy this Avay, you pass through hell. I was 
put in the hospital at Richmond for three oi' four days and was 



40 Ilislorii of tli< Eiijht ji-F'trst Ixegiiit( iif. 

tlu'U siMit to Libby Prison, where I would have died had I not 
been taken away. A\^e left Kiehmond on the 25th of January, 
and at City Point three boats under a tiag of truce received us 
on board. We passed down the James River by way of Fortress 
Moni-oe and across Chesapeake Bay to Annapolis, and now I am 
at St. John's Hospital. My Avound on my shoulder is well and 
my hand is doing fine, but I have terrible pains between my 
shouhlers where the spent ball struck me. How long we will be 
kc^pt here, I don't know, but I want you to make out my descrip- 
tive I'oll, and have it ready to send me the next time I write, as I 
am without money, ragged and dirty. Deb. Caldwell, Gains 
Barrett and Wm. Hughes are here at parole camp. I would give 
anything to hear how the i-egiment came out. 

Respectfully yours. F. T. Monroe." 

The boys Avere in hopes that Comrade Monroe would soon 
be able to .join the regiment again. 

February 23, 1868, still found us in camp near Murfreesboro 
as gentlemen. Like a green place in a desert, or a spring to 
a thirsty traveler, so is the appearance of the paymaster in 
camp to the soldier, Avho for long weary months has anxiously 
been looking forward with fond anticipations of the time of his 
coming, when we would be enabled to send to the dear ones at 
home a portion of our hard-earned money. Such was our happy 
condition. Yes, a real, live paymaster, with his little iron safe 
containing "greenbacks" and "postal currency" of various hues, 
was actually in our camp, and with lavish hand was. dispensing 
his favors among us and scpiaring up Uncle Samuel's accounts 
with his soldiers to January 1, A. D. 1863. The merry song 
and roaring laughter told how hugely the boys enjoyed them- 
selves, and all hands seemed in good humor, from the colonel 
connnanding, down to the lowest private, and the sutler's face 
was radiant with joy, as the boys forked over the "dough" — as 
they called it — for the various articles which he let them 
have, and paid for, which in man}' instances, for lo these many 
months, he had Avaited for. Many of the 1)oys think that suiter's 
accounts grow very fast, and that next pay-day their bills will 
not be so large; but time only can decide these questions. 

There Avas A'ery little upavs of importance circulating in camp, 
or in the vicinity at that time. Our brigade returned from the 
"scout" it was on, and, we belicA'e, .accomplished the o])ject of 
theii' mission to the satisfaction of all c(mcerned. A number of 
prisoners wei-e taken during the trip. Our Lieutenant Colonel 
Woodbury, joined the regiment at Franklin Avhile it Avas out 
scouting and took command, as our colonel was still command- 
ing the brigade. He looked at if he had been Avell used by his 
friends at home during his temporary absence. 



I iKliiUUi \' (/III II Ire I- hifaiilrif, ISf^ I- lS(i.',. 41 

Mfi.joi" Stout also joined the regiment at the saiiic place. The 
Major looked eonsiderably improved in health. 

Among the pi-omotions that took plaee is that of Mati. Hewett. 
He received his eoiiimission as second lieutenant of Company TI, 
vice Joseph Vanwinkle, who resigned on account of ill health. 
Lieutenant Hewett bears this honor meekly and no one wears his 
"shouldci" straps" with more gi'ace or more richly deserves them. 

Dr. Hari-y S. Wolfe resigned last month. Although the 
doctor had been detached as ])ost surgeon at Perryville ever since 
the battle at that plaee. and at the time of his resignation had 
charge of a hospital at JNIurfreesboro, he has, by his kindness and 
gentlemanly deportment in the discharge of his professional 
duties while with us, axou the esteem of all. aiul his leaving us 
caused nuich regret. Dr. Fonts, who it was hoped would succeed 
him. had l)een with the regiment most of the time, aiul by his 
skill and atf ability had won the conlidence of all. 

Dr. Wm. H. Kelso, assistant surgeon, made his appearance in 
camp. The health of the i-egiment was fair and the hospital 
arrangements were all that could be expected. In fact, they 
could not have been otherwise under the direction of our 
surgeons, admirably seconded as they were by (tCo. M. Brown, 
our hospital steward, who was untiring in his efforts to have 
everything kept in the very best of order. 

Two deaths had occured in the regiment in the last few days, 
the tiist being private Dans, of Company U. who died in the 
camp hospital of typhoid fever. His remains were escorted to 
the cemetery at Murfreesboro. The other was that of Martin 
Hickman, private. Company A, a young man who had not been 
well for some time, and Avhile walking a short distance from his 
tent, he was seen to fall heavily to the gi'ouiul; as he did not 
rise, some of the boys standing lu^ar l)y went to him. but life was 
extinct. Dr. Wolfe said it was caused by heart failure. 

March TO. 1868. the Army of the Cumberland was still iit 
camp in the vicinity of Murfreesboro. There was nothing new. 
but all of us took our turn at picket and fatigue duty, which 
kept the boys employed most of the time. 

March 15. 1868, found us still in our old camp. The dullness 
of our cam]> was broken uj) by orders to ])repare two 
days' rations and move out on the Salem pike. Reports had 
come in that the enemy Avere advancing in force. Flusheil with 
our recent partial success near Franklin, our boys were eager 
for an opportunity once more to meet them. So, in the midst 
of a drenching rain, with hearty cheers, we moved out and soon 
reached Salem, where we remained till Monday, the 16th, when 
we received orders for those left in camp to strike tents, and all 
who were able to move out and joined the regiment. This order 
was soon complied with and we all marched out. After uoiug" 



42 History of the Eighty-First Keyiment. 

eight or ten miles, we encamped at Versailles. About midnight 
a heavy rain set in. and in a short time we were all well soaked. 
We lay in camp till noon, 17th, when we heard the bugle call 
to move, and in a very short time we were all in motion going 
in the direction of Eagleville. 

For the first time in months our colonel, who had been in 
command of the brigade, appeared in command of the regiment. 
He was greeted with cheers as the regiment went out. 

Now commenced the tug of war, or rather of mud. The rain 
fell continually, and as our route at times lay across fields, the 
luud was more than knee deep. There may have been solid 
ground somewhere under us, but if there was, there were very 
few that found it. The boys took things very good-naturedly and 
anmsed themselves by calling out the depth of the mud, which 
varied from six inches to no bottom. After a tedious and 
tiresome march, delayed by the artillery and wagons getting 
stuck in the nuid, we reached Eagleville and halted in an open 
field. Although the rain was pouring down, rails were in 
abundance and the boys soon had good fires and made coffee. 
We only remained here about one hour, when the order came 
to move forward again, and we were soon on the pike and 
moving toward Triune. This was a pretty good road, the only 
draAvback being that it was overflowed in some places to the 
depth of six or eight inches, but where there was no water and 
no danger of getting wetter, there was little heed paid to it. 

While halted at an old toll-house between Eagleville and 
Triune the dead body of a Union soldier was found up stairs in 
a little room. Dr. Kelso examined the body and found it had 
l)een shot through the head ; the ball ranging down as if shot 
fi'om a house. His gun was laying by his side and his accouter- 
ments were on him. He had evidently been dead some days. 
There was nothing on him to identify him but some papers, all 
in German, showing that he belonged to some German command. 
Fpon our return the house had been burned, probably by some 
of our men to avenge the death of their comrade. 

Just as we were leaving, firing was heard on our left, and as 
the em my was supposed to be in the neighborhood, the boys be- 
gan to see if their arms were in good condition to pay their 
respects to them in a becoming manner, but it turned out that 
our own pickets had fired on our own division guard, and, 
notwithstanding flags were displayed, the firing was continued 
until our advance charged on them, and drove them in, where 
they found tAVo regiments drawn up in line of battle ready to 
receive them. Fortunatly no other damage than shooting a 
borse and a couple of nudes was done. Aftei* this we proceeded 
on oui' way and went into camp near Triune about 9 o'clock at 
iiiiilit. 'I'lie liovs soon stacked arms, built fii'es and all hands 



In4i<inn Voluntcir Infaniry, ]S(jJ-18(i'>. 4:^ 

turned in to enjoy what comfort they could get in their wxt cIoMi- 
ing. Soon after we camped, a loaded team broke through a bridge 
just in front of our camp. One man was killed and the wagon 
and contents pi-etty well used up. 

The next morning the sun rose bright and clear. The 'ooys 
M-ere soon u}) and had their fires built, and as soon as they had 
breakfast they built big fires and dried their blankets and cloth- 
ing. We remained in camp here until Thui-sday morning, March 
19, 1863. The weather was delightful, the sun and wind having 
dried up the roads. Then we took up our line of march back for 
Eagleville. We found the roads all settled and in pretty good 
order, and our march was very })leasant. On reaching Eagle- 
ville that evening, after going into camp, our regiment was sent 
out on picket duty. The enemy was reported to be in strong 
force within some six miles of us, and a pretty sharp lookout was 
necessary, but the night passed otf without anything of interest 
transpiring. On the 20th. which was the next day, we started 
about noon and went back and reached our old camping ground 
near Versailles, where we remained over night, and on the morn- 
ing of the 21st marched to our old camp near jNlui'freesboro. 
The object of our scout was successfully accomplished. How 
many troops were out we can not say, but there were enough 
within supporting distance of each other to have worried any 
of the enemy's generals who felt inclined to attack us. 

This part of the country had not felt the effects of the war. 
as some others we had passed through, but the people seemed to 
be anxious for peace. 

The health of the regiment was fair, and some more of the 
boys were coming in that were left in the rear some months l)e- 
fore. 

April 2, 1863, found us out on picket in the vicinity of Salem, 
watching the movements of the enemy. Small parties of them 
were continually prowling around the country, picking up 
stragglers and firing on the pickets, stealing whatever they coidd 
lay their hands on, and keeping the citizens constantly in alarm 
by their devilment. There was more or less skirmishing going 
on every day on our picket lines, but there did not seem to be 
any large force in close proximity to us. Keports said that the 
enemy was ma.ssing an army of fifty or sixty thousand near 
T'ullahoma. 

Considerable of our time was spent on picket and guard 
<luty. The weather for this time of the year was very disagree- 
able, although the trees wore putting on their robes of green aiul 
their branches Avere filled with the feathered songsters of th»» 
forest. Yo\i in the cities who go to a picnic, know nothing of the 
regal style in which they are gotten np in the army. The only 
<lrawback to nnv ])icn!c was that we weiv not blessed with the 



44 llisf/))!/ of llx Elfjlil ij-Fii:s( Higimcni, 

presence of "(Jod's best gift to man "--woman. But sometimes 
the violins are brought forth, sets formed and the best arrange- 
ment made to make the atfair pass otf in the most approved style. 
There was some talk of peace, but when the soldiers were ap- 
pealed to they said no terms to traitors with arms in their hands, 
and this seemed to be the prevailing sentiment among all the 
troops in the army. 

Our division received a visit from (General Rosecrans a few- 
days ago, and at general inspection were found iif good condition. 
All hands were very particular to have their accouterments on 
and in order ; for the eagle eye of the general, as he rides down 
the line, will detect the absence of the least of the soldiers' equip- 
ments. 

There has been a great many changes and promotions in the 
regiment. Wm. H. Northcutt, Company B, to first lieutenant, 
vice Lieutenant Morgan, killed at Stone River; E. H. Schell. 
second lieutenant, vice Northcutt, ])romoted ; E. G. jNIathey, Com- 
pany E, first lieutenant, vice Lapp, resigned; E. C. Powell. Com- 
pany E, second lieutenant, vice Mathey, promoted; John O'Neill, 
Company G,second lieutenant, vice Elder, resigned ; INI. J. Hewett, 
Company H, first lieutenant, vice Richards, promoted; W. J. 
Richards, Company H, captain, vice Scott, resigned ; J. Seacat, 
second lieutenant, vice Hewett. promoted. They were all young 
men filled with laudable ambition to serve their country. Lieuten- 
ants Hewett and Mathey are so well known that a word in their 
favor is unnecessary. Lieutenant Powell was at this time at 
Nashville, in the hospital, recovering from a wound he received 
at Stone River, being struck by a piece of shell. Lieutenant 
Schell was promoted from corporal, and won his present position 
by his coolness at Stone River. 

There was some talk of seeing the paymaster soon. When the 
rumor proved true the boys hailed the occasion with joy. 

An accident occurred in Company A, at this time, and it was 
feared one of our men would lose the use of his hand. Corporal 
John Cook was just coming into camp, and in getting over a 
fence was so unfortunate as to strike his gun against a rail, caus- 
ing its discharge; the load entering his left hand, mangling it in 
a shocking manner. The wound was dressed by Surgeon Kelso. 
who did all that he could to save th(^ hand, although the chances 
wei'e against him. 

Our army seemed to be waiting to hear the result of the 
operations around Vicksburg, but so many rumors get aHoat in 
camps that we hardly believe what we see. 

Col. Caldwell used every exertion to have our regiment up 
to the highest i)oint of drill and equipment so that we would be 
second to iioiu in llie division, so we di'illed every day. 



Indiana Volunteer Infa}dry, lS6l-J8(i't. 45 

April 2()th, 1863, we were still holdinii- our caiiii) near Mur- 
freesboro. That always welcome visitor that we were expecting 
a few days before, the paymaster, paid us another visit, and the 
Eighty-first stood square witli Uncle Sam up to the first of 
March. He paid us all oft' with one dollar "greenbacks," and 
the boys said it was a big pile for so little money. Most of the 
boys sent the greater portion of it home. 

Our regiment had fallen off' until it was the smaUest regiment 
in the service, and any one wlu) saw it leave Camp Nol)h' on that 
Sunday evening back in August, less than a year befoi'e. nearly 
a thousand strong, and as fine, stalwart men as ever stepped 
forth in defense of their country's honor, would hardly believe 
their eyes to look upon it now. The fact is, the men were killed 
off by hard marching under a beaming sun before they had be- 
come used to camp life. They were rushed into Kentucky in a 
hurry, and had been "rushing" ever since, and the result was a 
small regiment, but wliat has sui-prised us is that we could stand 
as much fatigue or exposure a.s any other regiment in the army. 
It is like skinning eels, they get used to it. Our moi'uing report 
for Sunday showed the following as the condition of the regi- 
ment : For duty, connnissioned otificers, twenty-five ; non-com- 
missioned officers, seventy-three ; enlisted men, 256 ; present sick, 
twenty-seven ; on detached service, sixty-six ; absent sick,- 212. 
Quite a falling off, but we were in hopes that they would keep 
coming up fi'om various hospitals ujitil we could be able to make 
a fail" showing with any regiment. 

We were all sui-prised by the appointment of Dr. W. (J. 
Ralston as surgeon in ou?" regiment, for the boys all thought Dr. 
Fonts would get the place. Dr. Ralston joined oui" i-egimeut in 
May. 

Major Stout still continued in bad health. 

Lieutenant Mathey, of Company F. was api)oii!ted to the 
position of Brigade Inspector of the Third Brigade, vice Cajitain 
Richards, who was ]iromoted captain. Lieut(Mi;nit F. R. Mitchell, 
of Oom])any C, was promoted to captain of Company (J. and 
assumed the conunand. This was a good appointment. As an 
officer Captain Mitchell had no superior in the regiment. 

Captain Wheeler, of Company C, who was taken pi'isoner at 
Stone River, arrived on May 20. 1863, from his exploration down 
in Dixie. He did not look as if the rebs treated him any the best, 
still he was a.s gay and happy as ever. In the selection of the 
names for the roll of honor the following were selected from the 
Fighty-first : Companv A — Sergeant P. Rosenbergei". Corporal 
W. Shirley, Privates i".. Bui-khardt. T. Cray, (J. W. Allen, D. 
Stepp and L. Teaford. Companv B — Sergeant S. Gardiner, 
Corporal L. H. Tuttle. l^rivates J." E. Varble, AV. Devansa, W- 
Hooper, F. Daily and J. Walker. Company C — Sergeant T. J. 



46 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

Stevens, Corporal J. W. Fickiier, Privates J. Baley, W. R. 
Atkins, G. W. Hedrick, D. Hull and R. C. Miller. Company D— 
Sergeant F. T. Monroe, Corporal W. Hiiges, Privates F. M. Ap- 
plegate, J. Murfin, I. Lewis, P. Monroe and (t. W. Johnson. Com- 
panv E — Sergeant J. M. Graham, Corporal B. Brown, Privates 
P. Russell, W. Yates, H. C. Watson, M. Risler and H. Kerr. 
Company F — Sergeant W. Johnson, Corporal T. Felkner, Pri- 
vates P. Kinger3\ U. Breeden, J. Robinson, A. Shrivois and 
W. H. Brown. Company G — Sergeant J. H. Hargis, Corporal 
A. P. Hemphill, Privates L. Wheatly, ii. W. Landrum, T. M. 
Cummings, W. F. Reed and J. Murphy. Company H — Sergeant 
J. Cole, Corporal W. C. Vanwinkle, Privates J. Bell, J. Crecelius, 
J. Hubbard, J. B. Anderson and J. Dewhurst. Company I — 
Sergeant J. M. McCormick, Corporal C. Green, Privates H. 
Hughes, J. H. Hutchings, H. MeCormick, W. Barrell and M. 
Bottofif. Company K— Sergeant C. B. Wheeler, Corporal J. T. 
Rosecrans, Privates W. C. Carter, E. Dome, T. O. Conner, C. S. 
Wade and C. C. Purcell. This was certainly a list of good men. 
. and well worthy of a position in the ''Light Brigade." Lieuten- 
ant A. J. Hatfield, of Company K, resigned on account of ill 
health, and left for home. 

The weather was delightful all through the month of May. 
Picket and camp duty was the routine we went through. 

On June 2, 1863, we were still in the same old camp near Mur- 
freesboro, engaged in the interesting business of watching the- 
enemy. We were now on outpost duty, the enemy in some force 
in our front, and their videttes plainly to be seen from our 
position. In fact, but a few hundred yarcls separated our videttes 
from theirs, and though we stood day after day and night after 
night grimly smiling defiance at each other, it depended alto- 
gether on (ienerals Rosecrans and Bragg, a.s a few words from 
either would open the ball, and awake the "slumbering echoes'* 
of the hills and raise quite a disturbance in this vicinity. 

A variety of reports were in circulation. A deserter who 
came in one morning about daylight reported that there were 
about five thousand rebels at the pass some four or five miles out 
on the pike, and from ten to twelve thousand at Shelbyville. and 
thi\t Bragg had sent a division South to reinforce Johnson. We 
could not tell whether this was true or not. The boys were all 
atixious to hear from Grant, at Vicksburg. 

This is the list of deaths and discharges since May 18: 
Deaths — James M. Humphrey, Company B; Louis Sturd- 
(U'rnt. Company C ; Alfred Barfield, Company E : Miles C. 
Hardin, Company I; T). AV. Polk, Company K. Discharged for 
disabilities— A. J. Ross, Company A; John P. Sneed, Company 
F^ : AVm. M. Sprinkle, Company G -, Sergeant James Grangei', 
Company H. 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 47 

Our Sui-geon G. W. Ralston having i-esigni'd on account of 
receiving an appointment in the first district under the con- 
scription act, the regiment was anxious that our first assistant, 
Dr. Fouts, should have the place, and we felt certain that he 
would get it. 

Again we were looking for the paymaster, as we heard that he 
was on his way to settle the accounts of Uncle Sam with the 
Army of the Cumberland. 

Our quartermaster, Daniel, left on a short visit to his 
family, and Captain E. R. Mitchell, of Company (I, went on a 
short leave of absence to attend to business at home. 

June 5, 1863, Avas rather an exciting day with us, although 
there had been no fighting, at least in our brigade. In the morn- 
ing, about 8 o'clock, firing conmienced between the advance 
pickets of the two armies, and the ]<]ighty-first Indiana and the 
Twenty-first Illinois were innnediately ordered to the front. 
Shortly after reaching our picket line the Eighty-first was ad- 
vanced down the Shelbyville i^ike and deployed as skirmishers, 
'i'hey did so in good order, and the firing soon became siiirited. 
In the meantime batteries conmienced exchanging compliments, 
and some of their messages fell rather too close to ns for comfort. 
Our line of skirmishers continued to advance and drove the 
enemy until they were recalled by orders from the general. We 
moved back and made a detour of several miles for the purpose 
of flanking a rebel battery and a body of infantry, but before 
we got around they had gone. After marching down th(^ road 
quite a distance beyond their vidette stations, the next 
morning our brigade returned to camp, which it reached about 
8 o'clock, both tired and hungry. During the skirmish Sergeant 
James M. Mitchell, of Company B, was mortally wounded, and 
died before he could be taken from the field. He was shot in the 
breast by a nuisket ball. Another ball cut the leg of his panta- 
loons and drawers just below the knee. He was one of the best 
men in the regiment, and was universally beloved by all of his 
comrades. That was the only casualty to us, but the enemy were 
seen to carry four or five from the field during the skirmish vHK 
the Eitrhtv-first. 



48 lli-sionj of llir Eigltl !i-Fii\st lUijinu nl , 



CHAPTER VII. 

THE ADVANCE I'PON CHATTANOOGA. 

On the morning of June 24, 1863. we were ordered to move. 
Avith twelve days' rations and a full supply of ''rebel pills." 
At 9 o'clock, when we began to move, rain connnenced falling, 
which made the roads very heavy, crowded as they were Avith 
wagon trains, artillery and infantry. Our brigade, connnanded 
by General Carlin, moved out on tlie Shelbyville pike about six 
miles, when we turned oft' to the left, and took a course l)y cross 
roads and through fields of waving grain until al)oiit noon, when 
we halted for dinner. Heavy firing was heard to our right, and 
in a sliort time our brigade moved for.vard toward Gray's Gap, 
where a brigade of the enemy was. General Willich was hard at 
work driving the enemy from this stronghold. As soon as we 
came in sight of the field we Avere formed in line ready to take 
our share in the fight, but our services were not needed, as the 
gallant Willich and his heroes had completely routed them. We 
bivouacked there for the night and our I'egiment went on picket 
duty. AVe thought it rained about as hard that night as Ave ever 
saw it, and most of the bread in our haversacks was spoiled by 
the water. Early the next morning we moved on two or three 
miles and halted at a camp vacated by the enemy the day before. 
The boys went through it and came to the conclusion that they 
left in a hurry, as tents, cooking utensils, clothing, etc., were 
thickly strewed over the ground. 

A))ont noon heavy skirmishing began in sight of us tOAvard 
Ijiberty (lap, and in a fcAV moments the artillery joined in the 
fray, and the loud cheers of the combatants, as they gained 
ground or lost it, announced that the battle had become general. 
General Johnson sent to General DaA'is for a brigade, and in a 
few minutes our bi'igade Avas in line and pressing forAvard to the 
line. On arriving in full view of the valley in Avhich the fight 
was I'aging Ave looked at a sight Avhich Avas very exciting to us. 
Tlie artillery on either side Avas belching forth shot and shell 
from the surroiuiding hills, Avhile the infanti-y, Avith cheers and 
yells, swaying to and fro, could be seen stubbornly contending 
for the mastery. But the stari-y baniu^r of freedom, mid smoke 
and blood, could be seen sloAvly advaiu'ing. We advanced doAvn 
in the valley through a Avheat field and formed in line of battle. 
The shot and .shells were flving over and l)nrsting all around us. 



Jii(li((ii(i ]'oluiil( (f I nfinti I'll, 181)1-1865. 4M 

Our regiineiit belinvcd nobly, foriiiiui'- as coolly as if on di'ess 
]iarade, every man and officer in his ])lace, and all anxious foi- the 
order to advance. Jn a short time the Thirty-eighth Illinois and 
the lUlst Ohio were moved off, one to the left and the other to 
the right. In a few moments we could hear increased firing on 
our left, and we knew the Thirty-eighth was engaged. The 
enemy was driven back to the last range of hills, where they made 
a despei'ate stand. Our troops charged up to the top of the hill, 
but being met by superior numbers were conij)elled to fall back, 
which they did in good ordei'. During that time the Seventy- 
seventh Pennsylvania, while stubboi-nly falling back, wei'e met 
on the hillside by the Thirty-eighth Illinois, which was hastening 
to their support, and as soon as they got within hailing distance, 
the Thirty-eighth called to them to lie down so they could fire- 
over them. The order was promptly obeyed, and a steady volley 
was ])oured into the enemy's ranks, and Avith a cheei' the Thirty- 
i'ighth swept past, up the hill, and the enemy was soon in 
retreat, leaving their flags in the hands of the gallant Thirty- 
eighth as a trophy, and the hillside strewed with dead and 
wounded. In this gallant charge the Thirty-eighth lost some 
twenty men. 

This ended the fight for that day, and our brigade advanced 
to the hill and hivouacked for the night, most of our regiment 
being on picket duty. During the night Ave moved to another 
point, and in the morning, after an early breakfast, the enemy 
was found to be in a strong position on another range of hills. 
Skirmishers were thrown out, and Ave advanced and Avere soon 
briskly engaged. The Thirty-eighth made a charge on the left 
and lost several men. 

About 1 o'clock the Eighty-first moved around to the right 
of the Thirty-eighth, on a ridge, where Ave remained till about 
4 o'clock in the afternoon. We could hear ra]ud firing and 
heavy cannonading in our front, Avhich we thought Avas from the 
troops sent around the night before. 

A little before sundoAvn the Thirty-eighth made an effort to 
bring their Avounded from the field, Avho had lain all day in the 
rain betAveen the tAvo fires. A hospital flag with nui'ses was sent 
out, Avith permission asked and giA'en, to bring them off'. They 
Avent forAA'ard and had placed one man on the stretchers. Avhen 
the freachei-ous scoundrels opened fire on them, compelling them 
to leave the field. One of the nurses had several holes put 
through him, and the others barely escaped. The AVounded had 
to remain on the field till the next morning. 

The firing Ave had heai-d in our front Avas at Beach 
Grove. Avhere the enemy Avas completely routed. By fb.at fight 
Ave opened Hoover's Oap. thus leaving the road open for our 
advanct' on Tullahoma. 



50 History of the EigJity-First Kcghnciit, 

In the morning the rain continued to come clown. We took up 
our march for Manchester, whicli place we reached about 10 
o'clock at night, having marched over a terrible road, raining 
most all the time, keeping the boys soaked. AVe went into camp 
for a day or so. The boys thought we were getting ready for a 
big fight at Tullahoma. While here, a compliment was sent to 
General Davis for the use of our brigade, and one to the brigade 
for their promptness and good conduct at Liberty Gap, which 
Avas read at the head of each regiment. 

On July 1, 1863, at Manchester, we received orders to take 
three days' I'ations in our haversacks and leave all extra weight 
behind, and be ready to march at once, and to be sparing of our 
ammunition and use the bayonet freely in battle. On to Tulla- 
homa was the order. In a short time we were on our way, pass- 
ing through Manchester, which we found pretty w^ell deserted. 
We passed Bragg 's fortifications and saw his dismantled siege 
guns. We halted a few miles beyond the town and camped for 
the night, the rain still continuing to come down. 

The morning of July 2, 1863, we struck t)ut for Win- 
chester, and after marching some distance, with more or less rain, 
we bivouacked for the night on Elk River. 

The morning of July 3, 1863, the boys waded through Elk 
River and marched through a big thunder storm. After 
wading several creeks, some of them up to their waists, we 
reached Winchester in the afternoon and went into camp on land 
adjoining that of Mr. Loughmiller (whose brother lives in New 
Albany, Ind.), who had a beautiful place. A guard was placed 
over it from the Eighty-first. The whole trip from Murfrees- 
boro up to this time had been a very severe one, the mud being- 
most of the time from six inches to knee deep ; but the boys have 
stood it nobly. Six or seven were left behind on account of 
sore feet. Owing to the state of the roads, our supply trains 
had not yet arrived; and from losing so much bread in the water 
by getting it soaked, our supply was scanty. The boys man- 
aged to keep a pretty good supply of meat by picking up bristle 
bears, horned rabbits, etc.. with which the country abounds. 

On July 4, 1863, the boys celebrated in a very quiet manner, 
being busy cooking rations, not knowing what moment we would 
move. It was predicted some time before that when "Old Rosy"" 
did move he would keep on going unless he ran against a 
stone wall, and then he would look for some way to get around 
it. and the boys said he was looking for Bragg 's last ditch. 



htdidiia Ydhinhtrlnfaiitrji. J861-18()'). ;")! 

Here we ha\'e Colonel Caldweirs i-eporl : 

"IlKAm^rAKTKHS I^j l(i 1 ITY-FIWST INDIANA VoLlTNTEEK InFANTRY. 

Winchp:ster, Tenn., July 6. 1863. 
"Sir — I have the honor to report the operations of my regi- 
ment since we left i\hirfr(H>sl)oro. On June 24, Ave moved south 
on the tShelbyville pike six njiles, and then turned eastward, leav- 
ing the pike. A heavy rain falling all day made the roads very 
muddy and rendered the march very fatiguing. We arrived at 
or near Liberty (lap, when my regiment was ordered out on 
picket duty. No signs of any enemy. On the 25th we moved 
forward through Lil)erty Gap, and about 10 o'clock halted and 
bivouacked on the gi-ound that had but a short time before been 
the camp of the Fifteenth Arkansas (i-ebel regiment). A heavy 
rain wa.s still falling and the roads very nniddy. About 1 j). m. 
an engagement connnenced in our front, and about 2:30 j). m. 
we were ordered forward. My regiment, by the direction of 
General Carlin, moved over the hill in line of battle and took a 
position near a battery then engaging the enemy, where we re- 
mained nntil the firing in our front ceased, when I was ordered 
forward to take position for the night. AVe bivouacked on the 
side of a hill west of the road and threw out our pickets, con- 
necting on my right with the pickets of the Twenty-first Illinois, 
and on the left with those of the Thirty-eight Illinois, the picket 
lines of the enemy being only 600 yards in my front. Nothing 
of interest occurred during the night. At daylight of the 26th, 
I caused two companies to be deployed as skirmishei-s and ad- 
vanced to a fence sonie three hundred yards in my front, when 
a brisk skirmish ensued, with what etfect upon the enemy I am 
unable to say, my men being well covered. No casualties oc- 
curred. Tn the evening my regiment was moved, by direction of 
General Carlin, to the east side of the road, on a hill and partially 
behind the Thirty-eighth Illinois, the Twenty-first Illinois on 
my right, where I remained until 10 o'clock at night, when by 
direction of General Carlin, I withdrew to the valley some eight 
hundred yards in the rear. On the morning of the 27th, no 
enemy appearing in our front, we took up the line of march for 
Hoover's Gap and camped at dark near a small creek. It still 
continued to rain, in consecpience of which the roads were ex- 
ceedingly heavy, the march tiresome and the men nuieh (^xposed. 
On the 28th we started for Alanchester, which jJace we reached 
about 11 p. m., and camped for the night on the banks of Duck 
Kiver. Here we remained for several days, and I left seven men 
there who were too sick to continue the march. On July 1st, we 
left Manchester for Tullahoma. which place we reach f^d about 
10 p. m. It rained neai-ly all night. On July 2, we started foi- 
Winch('st(M' and reached Kll< Hivnr about 5:30 ]>. m.. and caniped 



52 Historij of the Eighty-First Begiment, 

on its banks. On the third we resumed the march, fording the 
river, which was waist deep, and marched through a heavy rain, 
arriving at Winchester about midday and camped in an open 
field west of the town. No casualties. Both officers and men, on 
the march and before the enemy, behaved themselves in a becom- 
ing and soldierly manner. Very respectfully, 

"W. W. Cai.dw^ell, 
"Colonel Co>n)nan(ling Eighlij-prst Begt. Ind. Vol. I aft/' 

July 12, 1868, still found us at AVinchester, Tenn. It is a 
lieautiful place, and the situation is also beautiful, but it was 
said to be a strong Southern town. One morning we fired a 
salute in honor of our victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg, 
which made the citizens feel badly. When the boys heard the 
news of Morgan l)eing in Indiana they wished they could be 
there to help catch him. 

Our brigade and the army here were in fine condition. When 
we started out on this march we expected a big fight at Tulta- 
homa, but were disappointed. The health of the regiment was 
remarkably good, "sick call" being very slimly attended in the 
morning, and but one case in the hospital. No regiment stood 
the march l)etter than ours, as we left fewer men on the road than 
any other brigade, and camped at this place with only seven or 
eight men less than when we started. 

The chaplain of the Twenty-first Illinois favored the soldiers 
with an eloquent discourse on the twelfth. He was a nice gentle- 
man, and the soldiers all loved him. On the march or in camp 
he was always found speaking a good Avord to them. The at- 
tendance was generally large and very attentive. After the 
resignation of Chaplain Oreen, the Eighty-first had to depend 
on other regiments in the brigade for their preaching, and at 
the divine service our regiment was always well represented. 

July 26, 1863, the regiment still held the camp at Winchester. 
The enemy seemed to be alarmed at the success of the Army of 
the Cumberland. Lieutenant Daniels had been appointed post 
(luartermaster, and Lieutenant Iluckeby. of Company K, filled 
his place as the regimental quartermaster in the absence of 
Lieutenant Daniels. Colonel W. W. Caldwell resigned. The 
officers and men were very sorry to see him leave. 

The paymaster came once more, and we were i)ai(l up to 
June 30. From the looks of things we expected to move soim. 
We have been here in camp for some time and the boys are 
'rested up. 

On the morning of August 17, 1863. we i-eceived orders to 
cook three days' rations and have them in our haversacks and 
be ready to move at 2 p. m. Wlien the ])ugle sounded to strike 
tents ali the l)OVS were ready and moved out with a firm ti-ead on 



IndidiKi \'(>lHiit(cr Jit/diilnj, 1861-1865. 53 

theii- joui'iiey, passing' throiiji:h Winchester and out on tlu^ road 
toward Cowan. The heat was intense, the thennometer near a 
hundred. 8onie of the men were overcome by the heat and fell 
by the wayside. Very few of the Eighty-first fell out, and those 
that did were those that had been sick. About snndown we 
turned into a large field near Cow^an and bivouacked for the 
night, with orders to be ready to move at 5 a. m. On the next 
morning, August 18. 18(j3, at the appointed time, the boys wei'e 
ready. The trains moved out, but we received no order to move. 
Word soon reached us that the trains had camped, as the roads 
over the mountains wer'c goi-ged with teams. Oui" brigade kept 
quiet and rested until neai- 11 o'clock, when we moved out, but 
very slowly. It is quite a sight to see a train like ours going u]) 
over a mountain. Just imagine a train of wagons stretched out 
for miles and a whole bi-igade of men in their shii-t sleeves stnnig 
along on each side, tugging at the wheels, pulling at ropes, the 
drivers using the most emj)hatic language you ever heard to the 
nudes, then you may form some idea of the scene. They kept 
us busy until some time in the afternoon, when the worst place 
was passed. About 6 p. m. we halted and went into camp for the 
night. 

During the trip up the mountains the boys made the acquaint- 
ance of a number of beautiful snakes with six to eight little 
rattles on their tails, but they did not keep theii- pets long. 

August 19, 1863, at 5 a.m. we were up and again on the move. 
Our route through the moiuitains was grand, with all the hard 
tugs we had getting the artillery and wagon trains over. The 
roads were good, but Mater was scarce, and, as the heat was 
intense, the men sighed for a drink of water from the spring at 
the old homestead in Hoosier. But, without nuirmuring, the 
boys pushed on. Few farms were to be seen, a few orchards, 
but little fruit, and what there was, was like the coiuitry, of a 
poor quality. The principal productions were rocks, poor 
peaches, a})ples, eorn, i-attlesnakes, old men and women, grass- 
widows and tow-headed children. About 11 a. m. we reached 
what might be called the jumping-off place, or where we began 
the descent to the valley below. For the first hundred yards or 
more the road was nearly perpendicular. In going down, all 
that had to be done was to lock the hind wheels of the wagons, 
turn the heads of the mules down hill, and trust to their sagacity, 
aided by the skill of the drivers, and "let-em-rip." It was 
rather trying on Uncle Sam's mules and rolling stock, but the 
job was at last safely landed and the mai-ch through the 
mountain pass resumed. 

Some of the scenery through there was beautiful and grand. 
At times the pass was so narrow that two trains coidd hardly 
pass. There were lovely valleys and fields of fine corn. AVliile 



54 History of llw Eijjhfy-First licgintotl. 

on the niai'ch some cowardly bushwhackers, true to their in- 
stincts, fired upon us and severely wounded an orderly, who 
acted as postmaster for the l)rigade. As he was riding along with 
the mail he was shot through the body. The wound, althougli 
dangerous, was not mortal. He belonged to the Thirty-eighth 
Illinois, and was a general favorite with the brigade. We went 
into camp, with orders to be ready to move at 5 o'clock. 

On the morning of August 20, 1863, we started on our jour- 
ney, which was the same routine, up hill and down hill, until 
we emerged from the mountain pass and came into another coun- 
try. 

Two ITnion soldiers were found a few days before hanging to 
the same limb on a tree a shoi't distance from here. A detach- 
ment was inunediately sent out to scour the country for that 
class of savages, with orders to bring none of the breed in as 
prisoners, and, as far as Ave know, none were found waiting for 
paroles or exchange. 

The army worm prevailed to a considerable extent in this 
section of the country, even attacking the coi'nfields. orchards, 
etc. Sometimes in a single night a field of several hundred acres 
of corn will be strii)ped of every "roasting ear," and sometimes 
in an hour an orchard of peaches oi- apples would be stripped of 
their loads of fruit. It belongs, we think, to the class w^iich pui" 
misguided Southern brothers sometime before sneeringly called 
the "Anaconda." At any rate, its ravages were very extensive, 
often attacking rail fences and such like. The people here were 
very nuich alarmed at its s]>read, and were anxious to know how 
its ravenous appetite could be stayed. The only way we could 
see was foi' them to appeal to "Uncle Sam," come back into his 
family, and no doubt he will stay its march. 

We arrived at Stevenson, Ala., on August 21, 186.3, where 
we remained in camp but a few days. 

Our surgeon. Dr. Fonts, joined the regiment on the 20th. 
He had charge of a hospital at Winchester. The health of the 
regiment was good. 

The Rev. F. A. Hutchinson was oui- cliaphiiii at this time, 
;ind 1)ecame both popular and useful. 

Roley Holmes, our sutler, kept n\) with the procession in his 
usual grand style. 

We were then under the conunand of Cai>tain N. B. Boon. 
Our pickets were almost in speaking distance with those of the 
enemy. The Tennessee River was all that separated them. The 
barbarous practice of picket-firing has been discontinued, and 
lli('v said they were merely Avatching us. 

On August 27, 1863, we i-eceived oi-ders to get ready to 
march at 6 a. m. The uontoon trains had been ]>assing neai'ly 
all the ])revious day. Th(^ Thii-d Brigade of our division was 



Iiuliaiia Voiuntccr Infanlnj, 1S6J-1865.' 55 

with them as an escort, and had orders to cross if practicable 
and hold the southern bank of tlie river. On the morning of the 
28th Ave marched out of cam]) and were soon on the road. x\l)out 
10 a. m. we reached the banks of the river and found that the 
Third Brigade had crossed and was in ])ossession, tlie enemy 
having fallen back. As soon as they began to cross they were 
followed inunediately by the Eighty-first Indiana and the Twen- 
ty-first Illinois, the Third Brigade having moved to the top of 
The mountain. 

We went into camp and remained several days. The pontoon 
bridge was a fine specimen of work, and reflects much ercdil 
upon the officei's and men that comi)osed the Pioneer ("orjjs. By 
the way, we must not forget, that Lieutenant John Sehwallicr. of 
Company I, connnanded a comi)any. and some twenty men from 
our regiment belonged to the corps, and they were all picked 
and good men who planned and superintended its building. It 
was over four hundred yards long, and was put down in about 
three hours. 

AVhile in camp here we fared sumptuously every day. the fare 
being beef, veal, nnitton, bacon, honey, sweet and Irish potatoes, 
onions, roasting ears, geese, turkey, apples. })eaches. e'lc, to 
which due honor was paid by all. 

Monday, August 81, 1868, was the anniversary of our de- 
parture from Camp Noble, and great has been the changes since 
that time. Early in the morning reveille was sounded and the 
boys were soon uj) and prepared to move. In a short time the 
connuand was given and we moved forward and soon arrived at 
the mountains. It is needless to give a description of our tri]) 
UJ), as it had been up and down all the time, and there is but 
little variety in climbing the mountains with an army train. The 
view, however, from the top of this range was the most beautiful 
imaginable. Below was the smiling valley, with its fields of wav- 
ing grain, while like a silver thread the Tennessee River wound 
between the high mountains, decked with the brightest foliage, 
and the bosom of the river was dotted with lovely islands robed 
in green. In the distance the jxintoon l)ridges could be seen. 
with a steady stream of blue coats marching over them, theii- 
bayonets flashing back the sunlight and the Stars and Stripes 
waving over them ; while the clouds of dust rolling up from the 
valley, with an occasioned glance of a wagon train, or the glim- 
mer of the guns among the trees, showed that the great Army of 
the Cumberland was in motion. Our progress was slow as we 
could scarcely get over one ridge befoi-e another was in view. 
The roads, if they desei've the name, were rough and rocky. We 
had to wait the movements of the ti-ains, which were very slow. 

A number of prisoners were taken during our march over 
the mountains, but with all our trials we have done one thing 



r)6 Historji of flu EujJify-First Regin\( iit. 

and that is to ^ive the inhabitants their first vieAV of a live 
"Yankee." They seemed to enjoy it, and looked on with con- 
siderable curiosity. The guerrillas in small squads infested our 
front. While we were on picket the day before a number were 
seen and several shots were exchanged. 

On ^-'eptember 1, 1868. we encamped in AVillis Valley,- at the 
foot of a high mountain, some of the boys being up on the sum- 
mit of the mountain. As we came to this place we had quite a 
skirmish, in which five of Company C, under Captain "W^ieeler, 
were lost. The body of Elisha. Stroud was taken into camp by 
his comrades, and the next morning, after a few appropriate re- 
marks by our worthy chaplain, and the usual religious cere- 
monies, he was buried on a knoll in camp. A board, with his 
name i)lainly engraved on it, was ])laced at the head of the 
grave. 

One year before that day (August 31, 1862) our regiment lay 
on the banks of the beautiful Ohio River, almost within sound 
of the voices of friends at home, but soon these ties were severed 
and the regiment took up its line of march and countermarch till 
we were then in Alabama. 

September 8, 1863, we were still encamped in AVillis Valley, 
but had just received orders to be i-eady to move in the morning 
with three days' rations. On the morning of the ninth we march- 
ed out, with a division or two of cavalry leading the way up the 
mountains, followed by the Second and Third Brigades of Cen- 
eral Davis' division. The First Brigade was left in the valley 
to guard the stores. Our regiment was considerably reduced by 
Company H being detailed as provost guard at the corps head- 
(|uarters. Captain Kichards and Lieutenant Hewitt wtM'e two 
of the most efficient officers in the regiment, and their co'U])any 
in point of drill and discipline was second to none, and their 
absence was regi-etted by all. We arrived at the top of the 
mountains about 10 o'clock and halted for some time to wait for 
the train to come up, and then we resumed our march. After 
proceeding a few miles the colunui was halted and the train sent 
back, there being some misunderstanding in regard to the order 
by which it was moved. While here we learned that the enemy 
had evacuated Chattanooga, (^ur route the rest of the dav was 
through a broken country with but few impvovements of any 
kind. Just before sundown we crossed a creek near the I'uins 
of an old milldam. aiul marched on until !l p. m., havinu' com- 
menced the descent of the mountain. When neai'ly one-third of 
the way down we were met by an order to i-eturn back to the 
summit of the mountain and go on picket duty. Although tired 
aiul pretty well worn out by our nun'ch throiigh the dust aiul 
heat, without a uuiruuir the boys faced ahout aiul were soon on 
top in a lonely wood. The cavalry camped in the valley that 



IikUhhh VoIuhIk y I lifiinl I'D, lS(i l-ll^d.'i. 7u 

night where they were joined by our brigade, the enemy being^ 
rt'ported in foi-ee ahead, (ieneral Davis, whose vigilance never 
tii-ed, returned to the eani[) we had left that morning, in order 
to bring up reinforcements, and arrived the next day accom- 
panied by his amiabk^ wife, who had thus far in the campaign 
accompanied her gallant husband. In the afternoon we re- 
ceived orders to call in our pickets and move down into the valley 
and go into camp. We were soon on our way, but again, when 
part of the journey was made, we were met by an order to go 
back and remain on picket aiu)ther night. The boys thought tliis 
was tough, but there was no use to grumble, so, with cheers that 
made the mountains ring, we once more faced about, and after 
reaching the sunnnit resumed our picket duty on the mountains. 

On the morning of September 11, 1863, we moved down in 
the valley and went into camp in a. beautiful grove, with a spring 
of pure, cold water within tifty yards of our camp. While in 
camp here the boys received their mail, and you may be sure tliey 
were glad to hear from home and loving friends. 

There were all kinds of rumore in canij), some saying the 
enemy would make a stand at Rome. Our movements had forced 
the enemy to evacuate Chattanooga, and we took up our mai'ch 
to that point, after remaining in camp for several days. 



■oS History of the Eighty-First Reyiment, 



CHAPTER VIII. 

THE BATTLE OF CHIOKAMAUGA. 

Oil the iiioriiing of September 19, 1863, we found ourselves 
within ten miles of Chattanooga, and early in the morning we 
could hear the roar of artillery along our lines on the left, which 
announced io us that the struggle had commenced, and as it in- 
creased in volume our division was called on, and about 8 :3() 
a. m. our brigade moved out on the road to the front. On we 
went with a quick step, without halting until we reached General 
Thomas' headquarters. Here we halted for a moment, and then 
])ushed on until w^e came to a large spring, at which we filled our 
canteens and moved on again. By this time the roar of the 
artillery and the crash of musketry was deafening. In a short 
time we were ordered forward at a double quick, and for two 
miles we kept it up until Me reached a cornfield, where we formed 
in line of battle. The enemy were advancing in heavy forces. 
The battery in our rear kept pouring a steady shoAver of lead into 
their ranks. At this junction the order was given to fall back 
and form in the rear of the battery. Owing to some misun- 
derstanding, only part of the regiment fell back, and some con- 
fusion was the consequence, but a line officer of General Davis' 
staff soon had them to reform in about a hundred yards. The 
remainder of the regiment was then i-emoved in good order. 
While falling back with this portion of the regiment Lieutenant 
Titus Cinnmings, of Company G, was severely wounded, being 
shot through the body. Captain Boon was at this time in com- 
mand of the regiment, and after the regiment was reformed he 
asked to be relieved, and Major Calloway, of the Twenty-first 
Illinois, a brave and fearless officer, was placed in command. He 
assured the boys that he would stay with them as long as they 
would stay by him. We advanced, and in a few minutes the 
enemy moved forward, pouring a destructive fire into us, which 
was returned by us for some time, Avhen the enemy proving two 
strong, we were forced to fall back, which we did in good order 
and halted behind a fence, firing all the time. Then the ad- 
vance of the enemy w^as checked, and in a short time we drove 
them ])ack, and regained our former gi-ound. Another charge 
was made by them on our battery, but the ])oys gave them such 
a warm reception that they left, the Eighty-fii-st losing but little 
ground. The enemy, being unable to stand our fire, fell back. 



hi(li<nia ]'oIk iih (r 1 iifiinl rif, isdJ-ISd',. 59 

During the charge Captain M K. Mitchell, ol" Company (i, re- 
ceived a ball in the forehead, which proved fatal in a few days. 
The enemy having fallen hack, and nothing l)ut a little des- 
ultory tiring occurring in front until dark, we bivouacked and 
made oui'selves as comfortable as possible 

The regiment behaved in a splendid mannei-, and was highly 
complimented by ^lajor Calloway foi- its good behavioi-. It went 
into the tight with 249 men and came out with 171. The men 
were much fatigued before the battle, having lost sleep for nearly 
a week. 

Moi-ning of the twentieth the sun rose bright and clear, 
and as it was Sunday some thought we would get to rest; but 
in this they were disappointed, for we were up early, and after 
having a hasty meal were in line of battle, ready foi- action. At 
9 o'clock the enemy attacked our left wing. We soon got orders 
to move forward. As we advanced the roll of musketry gradu- 
ally drew nearer. We were stationed behind some temporary 
breastworks, our men waiting patiently, and as the enemy came 
in sight over the brow of the hill, about a hundred yards in front, 
we ])oured a shai'p fire into them, but they contiiuu^d steadily 
to advance, and it was soon discovered that the support we had 
expected to find on our right had not arrived, and we observed 
that they were flanking us, and that they were ti-iple our num- 
bers. Seeing the regiment on our right was being flanked and 
giving way, and the one on our left also, iNIajor Calloway gave 
the order for us to retreat, which was done on a double quick, 
the enemy pouring into us a ])erfect showei- of bullets. Our 
regiment did not leave theii- breastworks until the enemy was 
within twenty feet of them. As there was no support behind 
us, it was f(mnd impossible to form anything like a line, al- 
though a constant Are was kept up by stpuids, who, taking all 
advantage of the ground, kept them in some kintT of check until 
fresh troops came up, again driving the enemy back. After fall- 
ing back about a mile our brigade Avas reformed, when we fell 
back to within four miles of Chattanooga, where the first division 
was concentrated. The retreat of our corps was pretty general, 
and was accomplished in a soldierly manner, for the enemy pre- 
sented themselves in overwhehning numl)ers. (General Carlin. 
our brigade connnandei-, proved himself one of the most coura- 
geous, cool and self-possessed officers in the ai-my. AVhen we 
commenced to retreat. Major Calloway, fearing that our colors 
might fall into the hands of the enemy, as we were so closely 
pressed, took them and carried them in safety off the field. In 
the battle of the nineteenth and twentieth our regiment lost 
eight killed, fifty-nine wounded and twenty-two missing, mak- 
iuii' a total of eightv-nine. 



60 Ilisiury of the Eiyhty-First Rfgi^iunt, 

We had had a pretty hard time of it, as we had been on the 
inarch or fighting nearly all the time, and the boys needed sleep 
and rest very much. 

On September 25, 1863, we were still at Chattanooga, and our 
l)rigade was called the pick and spade brigade, as we were all at 
work throwing up l)reastAvorks. Some of them of a pretty 
formidal)le character had been thrown up. Our troops kept on 
the alert and were often called in line, both day and night, by 
demonstrations of the enemy, Avho wer-e massing a heavy force 
along our lines. 

General Rosecrans visited eacli regiment in our corps at this 
time, accompanied by (jeno'als McCook and Davis, and gave 
a few words of encourageinent and advice to each. He did not 
seem in the least discouraged, but assured the boys that if they 
would stand firm the question would soon be settled. 

The Eighty-first and another regiment was ordered to the 
extreme front to fill the place of the Seventy-fourth Illinois and 
Twenty-second Indiana, who were ordered on a reeonnoissance 
in the advance move. They soon succeeded in stirring up quite 
a nest of the enemy, Avhen a brisk skirmish ensued; the artillery 
continually shelling the woods in advance. Tliey returned about 
sundown. The reeonnoissance developed the fact that the enemy 
had planted a battery on the side of Lookout Mountain, which 
exposed our works to an enfilading fire. As several shots and 
shells were thrown into our camp the next morning, we made 
some changes which would counteract all their plans. AVe^ ex- 
pected to move shortly, as all our wagon trains had been sent 
across the river. 

Dr. Fonts, our surgeon, was taken jn-isoner with all the 
wounded in the hospital near Ci*awfish Springs on the 20th, the 
enemy having captured the hospital. 

On September 27, 1863 (Sunday), all was quiet and a still- 
ness rested over all. True, there was the usual hurrying to and 
fro incident to the presence of large army ti-ains with supplies 
moving around, and fatigue parties, busy with pick and spade, 
throwing up breastworks, and the guards walking wearily 
around. Othejwise all was trancjuil, which is (|uite a contrast 
with last Sabbath, when we could hear nothing but the roar of 
artillery. 

The regiment was lying in a line of rifie pits, on the out- 
skirts of Chattanooga, in a good position, waiting and ready to 
take a haiul at any moment and play their part whenever any 
str\iggle took place. The boys, what was left of them, were in 
good health and spirits. The legiment numbered about one 
hundred and sixty enlisted men and twelve connuissioned officers 
for dutv. Hat her small sav vou. but then they are all as good 



huJiitna V()h(iil(<r Ivfiuitry, 1861-186'). 61 

and tnie as evcM- pulled trigger to defend the Stars and Stripes. 

There were a great many rumors, and some of the prisoners 
told us what great things the enemy Avould do to ns. but we 
could not see it that way. 

A fearful accident occurred in the Second Minnesota Bat- 
tery on the twenty-fifth, by which a member of our regiment 
was killed. One of the men of Company D, who was detailed 
for service in the battery, laid down under one of the pieces, 
and went to sleep. The piece was unlimbered, bringing it 
nearly to a balance. A horse that was fastened to one end of' 
it got his haltei- fastened, and in raising his head brought u]) 
the end of the piece so that the other end fell witli foi-ce on the 
forehead of the soldier, crushing his head hori-ilily. 

The weather had been very dry. The followijig is Major 
('allowav's report of the battle of C'hickamauga, on September 
19 and 20, 1863 : 

" TIeadqu.vrters Eighty-first Tndl\na Volunteer Tnpwntry. 
Chattanooga. Tenn., September 28. 1863. 

"Captain: In accordance with orders from headcjuarters. 
Second Brigade. First Division. TAventieth Army Corps, I have 
the honor to report that about 2:30 p. m., on the 19th instant, 
while with the Twenty-first Illinois, and hotly engaged with 
the enemy at a point about three miles north of Crawfish 
Springs, on a line west of and near Chickamauga Creek, and 
east of and parallel to the LaFayette Road, leading to Chatta- 
nooga, I received an order to immediately report to Brigadier 
General Carlin. conniwinding the bi'igade. 

"Upon reporting. General Carlin directed me to at once 
assume command of the Eighty-first Indiana, of his brigade, I 
innnediately obeyed the order and upon assuming command, I 
found the regiment lying about fifty yards in the rear of, and 
supporting the Second Minnesota Battery, the regiment not yet 
having been engaged with the enemy. They then numbered in 
fighting men present for duty, fifteen officers and two hundred 
and forty enlisted men. About five minutes tliereaftei*. I re- 
ceived an order in pei^ou from General Davis, commanding the 
division, to move my command about two hundred yards to 
the right and in front of the Second Minnesota Battery and 
support a regiment there severely engaged with the 
enemy, saying at the time he thought it was the 
Thirty-eighth Illinois. Upon taking position, the right 
resting on the crest of and being covered by a slight elevation. 
I discovered a regiment, the Seventeenth Kentucky, to my right 
and a little to my front, slowly giving away to the right and 
steadily contesting the ground under a most distructive fire 
from a verv heavv column of the enemv. Brisklv advancins: 



62 History of the Eighty-First Rcgitncnt, 

and not over three hundred yards distant we immediately 
opened a Avell-directed fire, first by volley and then by file, 
causing the enemy to recoil and give way in much confusion, 
thereby relieving the regiment on our right. The firing had not 
ceased wlien a large body of the enemy was seen moving to our 
left, and soon attacked the Second and Third Brigades of Davis' 
Division. The enemy in our front again took courage and 
advanced upon our position, but being scattered, was easily 
repulsed. The brigades to our left and the Second Minnesota 
Battery, together with the Fifty-eighth Indiana, immediately 
.joined the Eighty-first on the left, fought most stubbornly, and 
bravely resisted the terrible onsets of most overwhelming 
numbers, but were driven from their position, leaving the 
Eighty-first entirely without support on the left. I had, in 
the meantime, made a partial change of front to the rear by 
throwing back the left Aving of the regiment, but continued our 
fire somewhat, enfilading the lines of the enemy and partially 
checking his farther progress. About this time, a vigorous 
attack was made on our front and right, causing the Seventeenth 
Kentucky to further withdraw. The Eighty-first, owing to the 
admirable position occupied, was not suffering greatly, but the 
l)osition was so flanked as to endanger my entire command and 
expose it to capture. It was then withdrawn in good order, 
about two hundred yards, to a thin curtain of timber covering 
the road. After again halting and reopening fire, I was in- 
formed by an officer that fifty yards to our rear and across the 
road was a fieldwork that had been hastily constructed of rails. 
I accordingly faced the regiment about and took position within 
tlie works, when we again opened and continued a most galling 
and deadly fire upon the enemy, who had advanced within short 
range, and after long and hard fighting he was dislodged from 
his position with heavy loss. We immediately followed his 
retreating forces and took our former position at the front, that 
we had been compelled to abandon, and held it during the re- 
mainder of the day. The Fifty-eighth Indiana again came upon 
our left, and about the same time I observed (leneral Carlin 
still to the left of the Fifty-eighth Indiana, most fearlessly 
moving forward a body of troops to the attack of the enemy, in 
double lines and well supported to our attack. The General 
and his connnand made a most gallant and heroic resistance, 
but, being overpowered, was shattered and driven back with 
Fearful loss, leaving the colors of the Twenty-first Illinois in 
the hands of the color sergeant who was shot dead on the field. 
T immediately ordered the Eighty-fii'st Indiana to open an 
(►blique fire to the left, completely enfilading the lines of the 
enemy, and repulsed him with innnense slaughter. I'ecovering 
the colors of the Tweiity-fitst Illinois, and protecting the One 



In<li(iii(i Vdhnifcrr Infantry, ISf)J-1865. 6S 

Tlundred and First Ohio, while it most galhiiitly recovered the 
Eighth Wisconsin Battery, taken by tlie enemy. The Third 
Brigade of Sheridan's division came to the relief of General 
Carlin, and formed at the left of the Fifty-eighth Indiana, and 
that threw the brigade together. The Fifty-eightli Indiana was 
twice driven from its ])osition, tlie Fighty-flrst Indiana stub- 
l)ornly holding its position, never losing an inch of the ground. 
The Fifty-eighth Indiana recoiled each time, but seeing the 
Eighty-first Indiana standing firm, would rally and return to 
our jLssistance. Hearing a heavy roll of musketry and much 
cannonading on our right and not knowing Avho occupied the 
position, I had fears that my position might be flanked, as the 
forces seemed to recoil and the firing was going to our rear. 
Upon making a personal inspection of the right, I learned that 
a brigade, conniianded by Colonel Barnes, had been i-epulsed 
on our right, but the Colonel had so posted his battery as ta 
command his front, and our right, enfilading the enemy's ap- 
proach in attempting to turn our position. During the en- 
gagement. Captain Eaton and Lieutenant Gross with sixty 
men of the Twenty-first Illinois, either reported to me or Avere 
rallied upon the Eighty-first Indiana, and continued fighting' 
most gallantly under my command, several of them l)eing 
wounded. Being still on the front line and our annnunition 
nearly exhausted, I was endeavoring to obtain a supply, when 
about sunset an order came from General Davis, and immedi- 
ately thereafter from General Carlin, to withdraw my com- 
mand and join the division, about eight hundred yards in the 
rear. 

"During the engagement on that afternoon, we fired on an 
average of fifty-four rounds to each man of my connnand. and 
suffered a loss of sixty-six men killed and wounded. In 
obedience to orders received, I joined the brigade about dusk 
with the Eighty-first Indiana, one hundred and eighty-three 
men; and three officers, the regimental colors and about fifty 
men of the Twenty-first Illinois, when we bivouacked for the 
night. 

"At 3 a. m. next morning, on the twentieth, I received 
orders to move my command left in front, and follow the One 
Hundred and First Ohio. We marched about half a mile and 
stacked arms at General Rosecrans' headquarters, remaining 
until sunrise. At that hour we moved to the rear about six hun- 
dred yards and formed a line on an elevated ridge running 
west and parallel to the Chattanooga and LaFayette Road. At 
about 10 a. m. I received orders from General Carlin 
to foi-m my connnand into double columns at half 
distance and follow the One Hundred and First Ohio, 
moving by the left flank. We moved steadily along- 



64 History of ihe Eight ij-Firsf Rrginitnt, 

the apex of the ridge in a northeasterly direction 
about one mile, when we came into an extended glade and 
halted. The Twenty-first Illinois was ordered to deploy and 
move forward in line, the Eighty-first Indiana moving in 
column abreast with the Twenty-first Illinois, and deployed on 
reaching the apex of the hill in our front. We took position 
in line on the left of the Twenty-first Illinois. Having de- 
ployed my connnand, and the enemy not being immediately in 
range, though heavy firing was progressing on our left, I was 
ordered to form my command in close column by division right 
in front, and follow the Twenty-first Illinois. Following on 
this line, we marched about eight hundred yards, ascending to 
a somewhat elevated position, and was ordered to deploy my 
command and take a position on the left of the Twenty-first 
Illinois, behind some rude and ill-constructed field works, 
erected upon our line of battle. I then threw forward Company 
A, Eighty-first Indiana, Lieutenant S. H. McCoy commanding, 
and relieved the skirmishers of another conmiand, then resting. 
While posting the skirmishers, I observed the Third Brigade on 
our left was heavily attacked and driven back. Before getting 
into position, in a few moments thereafter, the enemy appeared, 
emerging from a body of thick timber about one hundred and 
fifty yards in our front and moving to our attack without 
skirmishers and in most overAvhelming numbers, massed by 
battalicms, and, as near as I could judge from the battle flags 
exhibited, four lines deep. Our skirmishers came flying in, 
and, according to previous instructions, rallied on the right of 
the regiment. As soon as my battalions front was iinmasked by 
the skirmishers we opened a terrible and deadly fire upon the 
advancing foe. The firing was continued with unabated fury 
on both sides, the enemy steadily advancing and our men de- 
terminedly resisting until only three men of the enemy's first 
line and about half of the second line were standing, their com- 
rades apparently had fallen in windrows and their further- pi-o- 
gress seemed checked, y)erhaps impossible. Being near the right 
of the Eighty-first Indiana and the left of the Twenty-first 
Illinois, I saw to my inexpressible surprise and horror, the right 
of the Twenty-first Illinois was breaking and rapidly melting 
away. After a second and careful observation I noticed the 
enemy was actually crossing the breastworks on the right and 
extending liis left Hank far to our rear, completely flanking our 
position, at the same time pouring a deadly fire from the reai- 
on the Twenty-first Illinois. Seeing that desperate and ci-itical 
state of affairs, having no opportunity of obtaining orders, 
and knowing further delay would surrender my entire com- 
tnand. I gave orders for a hasty retreat, the firing })eing most 
terriblv desti-nctive. Our lines wej-e entirelv broken and the 



hulintui Vohiiilct r liifaiilr]/, 1861-18()'). (J.! 

coiniiiaiid was temporarily (li.soruaiii/.ed. fii coinpaiiy Avith 
BrigaditM- General Carliii. eoiniiiaiuliiiu tlie brigade; Captain 
Smith, One Hundred and First Ohio; Captain Varmer, Twenty- 
fifth Illinois; Caj)tain WheehM* and several other ofificers of the 
Eighty-tirst Indiana, we made several efforts with partial suc- 
cess to rally oui" scatfeied commands. We made several stands; 
and on a rise, al)()ut twelve hundi-cd yards to the rear of the 
field works, made the last desperate resistance with a few 
hundred men, checking the progress of the enemy and enabling 
our batteries to be taken safely from the field (|uietly and 
sullenly, with all the regimental colors and field i)ieces of the 
brigade. Then we retired about one and a half miles to the rear, 
reaching there about 2 p. in. and reformed our remnant of a 
conunand. We then, in comj)any with the brigade and division 
to which we were attached, together with several other divisions 
of the army, moved to a position about two miles nearer Chatta- 
nooga and bivouacked for the night. 

"Upon calling the roll of the Eighty-first Indiana, two offi- 
cers and nineteen enlisted men were reported missing. We had 
good evidence for knowing that several among the missing were 
killed or wounded, but owing to the great uncertainty envelop- 
ing the case they were all rej^oi'ted on the sad list of the missing. 
AVe expended in the two days' fighting about sixty-one rounds 
of anununifion to the man and sustained the loss of six officers 
and eighty-three enlisted men. 

■'It is due under the circumstances that I should speak of 
the conduct of the officers and men of the Eighty-first Indiana. 
With scarcely an exception they behaved in the most gallant 
and admirable manner, and, though comparatively a young 
regiment, conducted themselves with the coolness, steadiness 
and ])j'ecision of veterans on the field of battle. (^apfain 
jNlitchell. a brave and efficient man, was mortally wounded, and 
Ijieufenants Northcuff. Cunnnings and Zinnnei-man were 
wounded while gallantly leading their men in tlie discharge of 
their duties. They battled as brave men, worthy of the best 
government ever instituted among ukmi. ami the Kei)ublic may 
feel confident when its interests rest in the hands of such de- 
fenders. I would be dt>emed little less than invidious were T 
to mention one officer or man as excelling another in gallantry 
and efficency. but I cannot close this report without thanking 
Adjutant Shell foi- the aid and courtesies he has shown me in 
the discharge of my duties, and tendering all the officers and 
men my thanks for the cheerfulness and universal i)romptness 
with which they obeyed my orders. 

"T desire to offer my eulogium upon the condncf of officers 
and men of the Eighty-first Indiana. T wish to say there could 
be no higher honor than fliaf fhev foueht in Carlin's brigade of 



66 History of the Eightij-First Kegimcut, 

the Army of the Ciiniberland, obeyed orders and did their duty 
in the great battle of Chickamaiiga. tlie creek of death, and 
when the long, sad list of killed, wounded and missing is pub- 
lished, the shadows of gloom that will gather around many of 
the hearthstones of our homes will show that there, also, they 
were loved and appreciated. 

I am, Sir. your obedient servant, 

"James E. Callow^vy. 
''Major Ticcnty-First JUi)iois. Coriniuniding Eighty-First In- 
diana Volnutecr Infantry." 



I ndiaud Volunteer htfanlry, J8() 1-1865. 67 



C"[1APTER IX. 

(II'KHATIONS AHOI'T CHATTANOOGA. 

On September 30, 1868, we were still in camp at Chatta- 
nooga. Rain commenced to fall in the morning, the first for 
many days. AVe were needing it badly to settle the dust. It 
jnade the atmosphere feel delightfully refreshing. The roads 
had l)een ti'aveled so much that they Avere from four to six inches 
deep, and the movements of troops could be tracked for miles 
by the clouds of dust. 

Our army was now concentrating at this place, and we 
laughed at Brigg's threats to annihilate the Army of the Cumber- 
land, but nevertheless, the enemy still confronted us. Our 
ambulances had been out for the last day or two gathering up 
our Avounded and bringing them in. If one-half be true that 
was told by our wounded, the very devils in hell are angels of 
mercy, compared with some of the enemy. They had not, even 
after uiore than a week's time, buried their own dead, and our 
Avounded A\ere stripped of tJieir clothing, coats, boots, shoes, 
hats, money and knives, and every little trinket of the least 
value Avas taken from them; and, not contented even Avith that, 
the fiends took from those Avho were wounded and unable to 
move, their canteens of water and the scanty supply of rations 
in their haversacks and left them to die of hunger and thii'st. 
Some of them lay for several days in this situation, the sun 
beating doAvn on them liy da3% and the cold night Avinds, and 
heaA\A' dcAV chilling their suffering frames at night. No doubt 
exhausted nature in many cases gave Avay and death came to 
them as a Avelcome relief. 

Rations Avere very scarce, but in a fcAV days everything Avas 
in regular Avorking order. The health of the regiment continued 
good. 

October 4, 1SH8, still found us near Chattanooga. A large 
number of our boys, owing to the constant long marches, 
skirmishing or fighting, had lost both shelter tents and blankets, 
and the only Avay they could make themselves comfortable Avas 
to build fires. Steps were taken to supply all deficiencies in 
this line, and in a A^ery short time all AA'ere comfortably fixed for 
cold Aveather. 

October 6th. found us on picked duty, Avhile within a hundred 
yards lay the enemy's pickets, and here we Avere to all ap- 



68 Ilislory of ihc Eight ij-Fivsi Reghncnt, 

pearances, as harmless and inoffensive as doves, wa]kin*> around 
Avith as much freedom at if in the streets of a city, always pro- 
vided each party kept on its own side of- the line. Firing on 
picket was not indulged in, onl}- to a small extent, both sides 
coming to the same conclusion, that no good resulted from the 
practice. The enemy occupied the range of mountains in our 
front for one and a half miles, and at night their camp fires, 
dotting the sides and sunnnit of the mountain. A^iewed from our 
camp, presented a beautiful appearance, and no doubt but that 
our fires presented as beautiful an appearance to them. But 
behind this view of beauty slumbered a volcano, which but a 
spark could turn so lovely a scene to one of carnage and 
bloodshed. The music from both camps could be heard from 
our picket stations, and it sounded beautiful. 

On October 4th, the enemy captured and burned a large 
train on their way up from Stevenson, while crossing the 
mountains. We exchanged papers with the enemy's pickets 
October 5th. 

October 7, 1868, we were still in camp near Chattanooga. 
On October 5th, about 10 o'clock, the enemy opened on us with 
their batteries for the purpose of finding out the position of our 
batteries, but, notwithstanding they rained a perfect shower of 
shot and shell at us until dark, they found out very little, as 
our batteries only replied occasionally, merely long enough 
to let them know that we were still there. They nuist have fired 
between three and four hundred shot at us of all sizes, varying 
from six-pounders to twenty-four pounders, and they made 
those in front hug the earthworks pretty closely. It was reported 
that was all the damage they did was to hurt five or six. A great 
number of shells Inirst in and around where the Eigthy-first 
Avas lying, but with the exception of throwing a little dirt over 
us occasionally, no one was hurt during the night. In order to 
keep us aAvake, we supposed, they let drive at us a few shots 
about every two hours, but with the same result. 

On October 9, 18();i the Twentieth and Twenty-first Corps 
were consolidated into the Fourth Army Corps, under the 
connuand of General (Jordon Granger, who, after the battle of 
Mission Ridge, was succeeded by Oeneral O. O. Howard. 

We remained near Chattanooga until the morning of October 
24, when we received orders to get i-eady to move, flying light, 
at a moment's notice, leaving what fcAV tents and little camp 
equipage we had where it was. In a short time three days' 
rations were prepared. Sixty rounds of Seeesh pills were 
snugly stowed away in each man's cartridge box and forty more 
apiece stowed in wagons, and all were ready. Time wore on 
until 9 p. m., when we were told to have everything ready to 
move nt '2 p. in. next day. No one knew wlicre we wim'o ])ound 



lii(-ll(iH(i Voluiih ( r I ii/(ui( ri/. 1861-18(1'). 69 

for. and various sui'iiiises jzot afloat, hut all wcvv ot" the opinion 
that a ni^ht attack was on hand, hut wv found out that orders 
were to make a certain point on the mountains hy daylight. At 
the ap])ointed time we started, and such a s])la.shinji and wading 
and almost swiunuiuii'. We soon reached the Tennessee River, 
crossed on the i)ontoon hrid^ic and started alonjr the lianks. 
At one time, just hefoi-e daylight, the enemy's sharpshooters 
tried their guns on a ])()rti(m of our column, hut no one was 
hurt; the men pulled up manfully, hut it was 10 a. m. before we 
reached the summit of the mountain. A halt of two or three 
hours was made here to enahle the stragglers and teams to 
come up, when the march was resumed and kept up until dai-k. 
Our trip over the mountains was not so pleasant as might he 
expected, for it was nnul and rain and rain and mud all the 
way until we reached Rankin's Perry on the Tennessee River, 
where we remained about thirty-six hours, and then about dark 
we reached the pontoon bridges at Shell Mound, crossing at Id 
o'clock at night. We remained at Shell Mound two or three 
days, and a great portion of the time it ])oured down i-ain, float- 
ing logs, men, horses and nuiles ])romiscuously. Finally we re- 
ceived orders to move to Bridgeport, and with light hearts and 
haversacks and nuiddy feet we started, reaching Bridgeport 
on November 14, 1863. Everything was quiet. Squads of the 
enemy were seen occasionally hurrying around in our front and 
acting like they would like to come down and take possession 
of the ground we occupied, but were a little afraid to attack us, 

When our regiment arrived here they Avere without tents, 
and many of them were nearly out of clothing, but in a few 
days were well fixed. Quite a village had already sprung up 
and all hanas were well fixed as far as quarters were concerned. 
The boys of our regiment had displayed a great deal of ingenuity, 
and had comfortable log huts daubed with mud and with sod 
chimneys, but we were kept busy on fatigue and picket duty, 
but, as rations were more plentiful and all in good health, it 
was cheerfully jierformed. 

Ca])tain Wheeler, of Company ('. was promoted to colonel : 
Captain Wm. J. Richards, of Company H, was promoted to 
major; Sergeant Major Augustus Joycelyn was promoted to 
adjutant: Assistant Surgeon AVm. D. Fonts was promoted to 
surgeon, hut at this time was rusticating at the Libei'ty TTouse 
in Richmond, Va.. he having remained at the field hospital at 
Chickamauga attending our wounded until the hosi)ital was 
captured by the enemy: First Tiieutenant Northcutt. of Com- 
pany B, was promoted to captain; Second Lieutenant Sehell, 
to first lieutenant. Company B; First Lieutenant Mathey, to 
captain: Sergeant (iraham. to first lieutenant. All these otlficei's 
wei'e good men and deserved thtMi- promotions. 



70 History of the Eighty-First Eegiment, 

We were olad to again have our sutler, Roley Iloliues, with 
us. he having struggled hard in following us around over the 
niountains and up to Chattanooga. On the 15th he came rolling 
in Avith a few packages containing tohacco, clothing and other 
provisions much needed by the boys. When he had half a 
chance he kept one of the best assortments to be found among 
the sutlers and sold very reasonable. The health of the regiment 
was good; there had not been a death in it for four months. 

Sunday, November 22, 18G3, the regiment was still in camp 
near Bridgeport, Ala. It was a beautiful day, and many of the 
veterans of the regiment could be seen sitting around wrapped 
in profound thought, and what do you think was the subject of 
their mediation f Home of course — their parents, wives and 
sweethearts. We had preaching there, but it was not like the 
old church at home, where from our earliest childhood, we 
had been used to hear the Word of God expounded. Home — 
that means mother, father, wife and sister. There is magic in 
these words that the toilsome nmrcli, the din and crash of 
battle and the sickening air of the hospital can not eradicate 
from the heart of the soldier. Go to him on the lonely picket 
post and tell him there is fresh mail in camp ; visit him in the 
hospital, with a fevered brow or mangled limb, with a letter or 
message from home, and his toils and pangs and pains are all 
forgotten, and for a time he revels in dreams of happiness and 
home. If those at home but knew how nuich a kind cheering 
epistle is prized by our gallant boys many more would be written. 
Let them hear that a train has been captured, and the first ques- 
tion heard is, was there a mail with it? They can aiford to go 
without hardtack for a day or two, but never consent to the 
loss of a mail. 

October 24th the regiment was still busy on picket and fatigue 
duty. Our camp was at a railroad bridge across the Tennessee 
River, which was not yet completed, having been destroyed by 
the enemy some months ago. The paymaster paid us a visit a 
few days ago, and we assure you he was a welcome visitor. He 
settled up our accounts with the United States to October 30, 
Our Chaplain, Bro. Hutcherson, left for home a few days and 
the boys sent money by him to their families. 

Our boys seemed to be case-hardened and iron-clad, with few 
exceptions, after the battle of Chickamauga. The enemy hatl 
possession of the battlefield and (JeneraT Rosecrans asked ])er- 
mission to bury his dead, but the request Avas denied, the enemy 
saying they would attend to it, but they did not, and after the 
field was vacated l)y them our forces w^ent and gathered them up 
and buried them. There was some five or six hundred. It does 
not seem hardly creditable that stich brutes existed in the 
nineteenth centurv, vet such is the fact. God only knows hov.- 



Indltnni Voluntci r / iif<nil rj/, 1861-186'). 71 

the lives of our wounded wasted away in untold torture in sight 
of those inhuman monsters. Thei-e was our own Lieutenant 
(4ordon, of Company 1), who was struck by a shell, his left arm 
broken, his body manizled in several places, who lay for sixttien 
days on the field exposed to the ehilling blast of ni^lit, the heat 
of the noonday sun, to rain and every vai'iety of weather, before 
he was moved or attended to, although they were continually 
])assing' him, and all the food he got was what little he could 
])iek \\\) or some comrade less severely Avounded would get foi- 
him. And then, to try and finish him, he was hurried off to 
Libby Prison; but, thank (Jod, he survived it all. 

Everything had been cpiiet for several Aveeks and nothing 
outside of oui- I'egular routine in camp life had ti'anspii'ed. so 
December 22, 18H8, still found us at our camp near Britlgeport. 
There was but little movement in military matters. Our gallant 
army seemed to be resting on its laurels, while the enemy's army 
seemed to be hunting a place to gather theirs, but at the last 
account had not found the last ditch on whose baid<s they are 
supposed to grow. 

()ur gallant surgeon. Dr. Fonts, returned to the regiment 
December 21st, after having tried Libby T*rison for a short time. 
He says it was four days after the battle of Chickamauga before 
they would permit him to go out on the battle field and attend to 
our wounded. He says they stripped the dead of every thing of 
any value. At the expiration of twelve days the surgeons and 
all who were able to bear the trip were started to Atlanta, and 
woe to the of^cer or private who had a good coat, hat or pair of 
shoes; he was stripped, and most of them had to make the trip 
without any of these luxuries. At Atlanta the ladies brought 
our men baskets of delicacies, and quite a (inion feeling seoned 
to i)revail. Numbers said they Avould hail the appearance of 
Rosecrans and his army with great joy. There were some three 
or four citizens arrested for trading in "greenbacks," they 
freely giving twelve dollars in Confederate for one of Federal. 
On reaching Richmond all were searched and all the money was 
taken from them, and a receipt was given for its return when 
exchanged. On applying for their money on leaving they were 
told it was unlawful to circulate the stuif, and Avere generously 
oft'eied seven dollars of Confederate for one in greenbacks. One 
hundred and seventy-five of them were confined in a room forty- 
three by one hundred and two feet without fire or blankets. To 
add to their discomforts, the room was thoroughly saturated 
with cold water each evening cm the pretense of cleaning it, but 
really with the idea of making them sleep on a wet floor, thereby 
engendering disease. Hundreds of them died fi-om exposure and 
starvation. The condition of the privates at Bell Island, Ander- 
s()iivill(^ and other more exi)osed i>laces was worse. 



72 Illsidri/ of fJi€ Eifjlihj-Firsf liajimcnt, 

Dr. Fonts says that while he was in Libby Prison thei'e was a 
Universalist preacher who had been confined there several 
months, havinii' fallen into their clutches. He said that he had 
for some time been preachin^i' that there was no hell, but sinct' 
his visit to Richmond he was satisfied that a "military necessity" 
existed for snch an institution. 

Christmas had passed and the boys were still in camp near 
Bridgeport. AVhile there the armj^ was reorganized and our 
regiment was in the First Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army 
Corps, Major General 0. 0. Howard eoimnanding. (ieneral 
David S. Stanley commanded the First Division and Brigadier 
(ieneral Charles Crulf connnanded the First Brigade, which 
consisted of the Twenty-first and Thirty-eighth Illinois, Twenty- 
ninth. Thirty-first and Eighty-first Indiana, First and Second 
Kentucky, Ninetieth and One Hundred and First Ohio. The 
regiments were all small, and some of them were nearly to the 
end of their terms of service. 

On January 1, ISG-l, it was very cold and disagreeable, and 
if it had not been for our cabins, which made us such warm 
winter ((uartere, we would have had a hard time, yet under the 
circumstances the boys were expecting to have a good time, but. 
by the time everything was in order, marching orders came, and 
as usual they were hailed by the boys with cheers, for they had 
come to the conclusion some time ago that Bridgeport was a dry 
place. They had seen the bridge built that spans the beautiful 
'Peiuiessee, and the music of the iron horse as he thundered along 
his way, drawing huge trains of army supplies, had became 
familiar to their ears, and a desire to see what was ahead 
possessed every soul. So on January 25, 1864, at 7 o'clock in 
the forenoon, Avith five days rations in our haversacks, we moved 
out of camp. Surmises were various as to our destination. Some 
thought Knoxville, and others that some other ville was to be 
out sto])ping place. The column, however, headed toward 
Chattanooga. The weather was delightful, though a little too 
warm for this time of the year, and the roads were in si)lendid 
order during the mai'ch until the twenty-seventh, wlu>n about 
10 o'clock in the morning Ave y)assed AVhitesides under one of 
the tallest trestle works in the w^^rld, which had been but a few 
days completed. This bridge crossed a gorge in the mountains 
over a small creek called Running Waters, and was destroyed by 
the <Miemy some time in Se])teml)er. It was about two hundred 
yards long and about one hundred and tAventy-five feet from the 
bridge lo the water below. In the afternoon Ave came in sight 
of Lookout Mountain. The next day. January 28, 1864, our 
journey Avas more tedious, as Ave had to cross Lookout Mountain, 
our regiment being detached to guard the train. But iiatience 
and y)ersevei'anc(' will accomplish Avonders. and by '.\ ji. m. the 



Iiididini \'(iltiiil((rliif(iiitrii, JSd I-I8().'). I'-l 

last of the train beiuj; up. we Ijei-an to deseeiul and went into 
eaiiip at the foot of the mountain. The next uioi'uiniz. with 
banners tlyin^' and mnsie playinii' and an elastic tread, it bein^i; 
jnst three months from the tiuie when at 2 p. in., in rain and 
mud, with the enemy's batteries frowniui;' on us, we left and 
l)etian our mai'eh. by Hanking' movements, as the rebs say, to Shell 
Mound. 

We entered Chattanooga, marchinji' past (jleneral Thomas' 
headquarters. After passinij' through Chattanooga we soon came 
to Mission Ridge and on to Tyners Station, on the Georgia and 
East Tennessee Raih'oad, when, after a few days halt, w'e moved 
on and went into eamp at Ooltewah Station, arriving on Feb- 
ruary 10. 1864. There was but little going on. Small pai'ties 
of guerrillas infested the country around there, and on the 
eleventh, as the First Kentucky was out on a reconnoissance, the 
rear guard was fired upon by these misci'eants, but fortunately 
no harm Avas done. The people in this section of the country 
seemed to be for the Union and the old flag. 

Jnst before going into camp here we were met for the first 
time since we left home by a young miss of sixteen summers 
waving the Union Hag. A number of women came into camp, 
selling pies, cakes and co!-n pone for greenbacks. AVe lay in this 
camp several weeks, and during the time we were camped there 
we were on picket or doing fatigue duty. Every Sunday morn- 
ing we had inspection in every company of the regiment, and 
generally a grand review in the afternoon. . On Tuesday, March 
1st. we were surprised at receiving orders to get ready to go on 
another scout at 6 o'clock in the morning, with one day's cooked 
rations in our haversacks. As usual the boys worked pretty 
briskly getting everything ready for the occasion. Long before 
daylireak the boys were up getting breakfast, and we left camp 
promptly on time. It was a fine day, and we left in go<xl 
spirits, on a quick march, halting but very little on the way. We 
were under the impression that we were going after some cotton 
that the enemy had hid somewhere, and we expected to get it 
and bring it to camp, as we took wagons ab^ng with us to do so. 
We marched about fifteen miles, and halted neai- a hou.se. We 
then filed to the left and went over some fields and u]) a narrow 
road and halted again. Pickets were thrown out covering our 
front and flanks, while the rest of the regiment hurried into 
some dead brush that was piled all around, and very soon "King 
•Cotton" came to light. Wagon after wagon w'as driven up and 
soon loaded, our pickets called in and we hurried after our 
wagons. It was rumored that we were very close to the enemy. 
We were in the vicinity of a place called Red Clay, we saw no 
enemy. Our march back to camp was made faster than going 
from it. AVe ti'aveled altogether thirtv miles. It was more like a 



74 Ilisiorii of flic Eighty-First Regiment, 

forced march than anything else. The boys were stiff for nearly 
three days over it. We brought in eight wagons loaded with 
cotton. We were excused from jneket and guard duty the next 
day. which gave the boys a rest. ^ 

Our daily life while in camp at this place was about as fol- 
lows : Reveille and roll-call at 5 :80 a. m. ; breakfast at 6 o'clock ; 
s(iuad drill from 7 to 8 o'clock; then quarters had to be cleaned 
up ; at 9 o'clock the bugle blew the assembly for guard and picket 
duty: at 10 o'clock company drill for one hour; at 12 o'clock, 
roll-call and dinner; at 2 o'clock p. m., battalion drill for one 
hour and a half; at 5 p. m., dress parade; at 8 p. m., roll-call 
again; at 9 o'clock, tattoo; taps, and then to bed. 

About the first of March, 1864, we got orders to be in line of 
battle every morning at 4 o'clock and stand in line until day- 
light, as the enemy's cavalry was prowling about, and this was 
done in anticipation of an attack, the hour before daybreak be- 
ing considered the best time to attack a camp ; so we were held 
in readiness for such an event. 



1 11(11(1)1(1 \'()hi)il( ( >■ / iifdiilrji, 1st; l-lSfi.'). 75 



CHAPTER X. 

jma.ior caij.oway presented with a sword. 

The regiment had secured a fine swoi'd to i)ivsent to Major 
I'allowa.y for his skill, coolness and his gentlemanly deportment 
during the few weeks he remained in command of our regiment. 
Tlie presentation would have taken i)!ace at an earlier day. but 
soon after the battle he was prostrated by disease aiul for some 
time his life despaired of. So on Thursday, March 10, 18H4, was 
the day finally fixed upon, and at 1 p. m. the Eighty-first, pre- 
■ceded by the splendid martial band of the First Kentucky, 
which had kindly volunteered for the occasion, we proceeded to 
the camp of the Twenty-first Illinois, where, in the presence of 
the two regiments and a large number of ladies and spectators, 
the presentation took ])lace. The sword and belt was ])resented 
by Orderly Sergeiint Edmond T. Bowers, of Company I, in the 
following elia.ste and beautiful speech: 

"Major Calloway, Ladies and Fellow Soldiers— We have 
met here to-day to participate in a scene seldom witnessed in this 
department. Our number is but small, a little more than a 
fourth of the number we had when we crossed the beautiful Ohio, 
seventeen months ago, and connnenced our march to lend our 
feeble aid to our (Government in crushing out the armed treason 
tluit had reared its hideous head in our once happy and pros- 
[lerous country. Some have fallen on the field of ])attle amid 
the din and crash of arms, many far from the loved homes of 
their happy childhood have wasted away by disease in hospitals 
until death placed his signet seal upon their brow. Others, mere 
wrecks of their former manhood, have been discharged and are 
now among friends at home, calmly waiting the summons of 
insatiate death, regretting that by sickness and disease they are 
deprived of the privilege of ]iai-ticipating in the glorious and 
former scenes of their comrades in arms. But tlie few remain- 
ing will, while life lasts, remember your introduction to them on 
the glorious field of Chickamauga, made as it was under the roar 
of the cannon and the long roll of deadly musketry, while the 
groans of wounded and dying comrades resounded on every side. 
AVe then needed you to lead us in the terrible contiict raging 
around us. and for the gallant manner in which you discharged 
the arduous duty imposed ujiou you we tender you our sincere 
nnd heartfelt thanks, and as a token of our resjiect and esteem 



76 Jfisforij of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

the non-CDumiissioned officers and privates of the Eighty-first 
Indiana Volunteers have depiitied nie on their behalf to present 
to yon this beautiful sword and belt. May you always be victo- 
rious in all the eontiiets in Avhich hereafter it may be your 
fortune to engage, and the Hash of this sword serve as a rallying 
point for the followers and defenders of the glorious Stars and 
Stripes which nctw waves in triumph over the greater portion of 
the United States, and may you never sheathe it until the last 
traitor shall be driven from our once happy land and the star- 
gemmed banner of freedom floats proudly from every traitor's 
stronghold, 

'For freedom's battle once liegun, 
Be<iiieafhed from bleeding sire to son. 
Through battle oft, is ever won.' 

Major Calloway, on receiving the sword, responded in the 
following thrilling, soul-stirring remarks : 

"Soldiers of the Eighty-first Indiana Volunteers— It is 
Avith mingled emotion, gratitude, pleasure and embarrassment 
that I accept this beautiful testimonial of your esteem and confi- 
dence, and while tendering you my thanks for this very pleasant 
and unexj)ected compliment, and to you. Sergeant, for the kind 
and very flattering manner you have thought proper to mention 
my very humble name and yet humbler service in your eloquent 
address, allow me to express my own feelings of unAvorthiuess to 
be the object of such distinguished regards. Most highly do I 
value your present, not for its intrinsic worth, but when I reflect 
it is bestowed by motives void of selfishness, ]U)t for vain glori- 
ous show or void and empty honors, but as coming from the non- 
connnissioned officers and privates of a noble, brave and gallant 
regiment representing one of the greatest and best States: one 
that adds wealth, power, glory and renown to the glorious 
constellation of States composing the mightiest, the most liberal, 
free, virtuous and best government ever instituted among men, 
the gift to me is priceless. This is indeed no ordinary occasion. 
I feci its importance and acknowledge the obligation of this hour. 
It is to me a I'cnewal of my vows to my coiuitry and the cause of 
humanity. The spectacle of soldiers of a regiment fi'om one 
State presenting an humble ofhcer from another regiment and 
State with this representation of power, an emblem of chivalry, 
of glory and virtue renowned, is perhaps Avithout equal in the 
history of this eventful Avar. In the old days of knight-errantry 
the chivalrous loi'ds raised their ai"m in defense of honor and 
virtue of the innocent and oppressed. May my right arm fall 
paralyzed and Avithei- at my side if I raise this sword in other 
than the cause of justice, fi-eedom and vii'fue. and AVifh that 
sAV(trn ol>liuation vet linuci'ing in vou!' hearing let it be known 



JiidiaiKi Yohoifffr Infanfrj/, 1861-186'). 11 

that r to-day in yoni- piesi'iicc with tin* Isiiowlcduf of my coiiutry- 
iiien and with an ixplit'tiMl hand towai'd the Ihrono of "Ilini who 
judges all things well," receive this swoi-d as an offieer of the 
United States Army, now engaged in the most saei-ed cause 
known to the cherished hopes of a virtuous and intelligent hu- 
manity. There are other scenes than those of this hour im- 
mediately blended w'ith this occasion, touching the heart sti-ings 
with patriotic pride and again with a note of tender sadness. It 
brings to the vision of the past the gloi-ious field of Chickamauga 
and the heroism of those historic deeds, and wnth it there comes 
swelling \\\) in our 'heart of hearts' the image of brave com- 
manders who fought and fell with their faces to the foe, thus 
otfering their life's blood to wash away the foul stain that 
traitorous hands have hitherto placed upon our fair escutcheon. 
We remember the patriotic fires in their eyes, and their stern 
unflinching bravery amid the thundering crash of loud-mouthed 
cannons and the rattling roar of the deadly musketry, that mock- 
ingly proclaimed to the world, ' Helf-government is a miserable 
imjxjstor, ' and we write on his false brow eter-nal banishment 
from among men. In that hour I earned to love and appreciate 
the officers and soldiers of yo^ur regiment as 'among the bravest 
of the brave.' The long hecatomb of the martyred dead and the 
sad list of wounded from your ranks are sufficient eulogies for 
your actions on that memorable field. But in our triumph and 
amid our blessings let us not forget the valorous deeds of the 
heroic dead. We remember them as true friends in ])eace, and on 
our wearisome marches and around the bivouac fires and how like 
true heroes they, amid rolling waves of furious battle, w^ere swept 
under and were 'gathered to their fathers' around them. 'There 
now reigns a dark, cold calm which nothing can break or w^arm 
or brighten.' The majestic and mournful pine, the lovely cedar 
and beautiful magnolia Aveep and sigh around and wave their 
evergreen boughs over the I'ude graves where oui" soldier brothers 
sweetly sleejx and 'when this cruel war is over' and you return 
to your pleasant abode of civil life, the many vacant chairs 
around the hearthstones of your homes will tell you in tones of 
love and sadness that their deeds and names are still green and 
fresh in the secret precincts of your owai hearts. Then love and 
cherish their undying names and deeds of valor as a legacy beau- 
tiful and invaluable. Croakers and sycophants have pi-etended 
to lament the age of heroes and heroines as among the things that 
were, but he who makes such a declaration illy understands the 
spirit of the age more than all the citizen-soldiery composing 
this maginficient army, nor would he record in history so false 
a libel had he seen what was witnessed on every field of battle. 
Nothing has ever impressed me with such deep and sublime 
admiration as the quiet and iiatient endurance with which the 



78 History of the Eghtxj-Firsi Fcgimcnt, 

private soldiers have done the hardships of our wearisome 
marches; his cheerful self-denial, the sacrifices he daily offers at 
the altar of his country, his wondrous and cool courage on the red 
field of carjiage, and the cheerful and unnnirnuiring ciuietude 
Avith which he bears himself, whether sick or wounded, in the 
hospital or on the field, with a rough blanket spread on mother 
earth for a bed and the vault of heaven for a covering; hence I 
would say, 'surely the age of heroes has not passed away?* 
Again when there came that exampk^ — delicious food for histo- 
rians and to the imagination of the poet and novelist — when our 
little army, covered with laurels and wounds, was shut up among- 
the rugged hills surrounding Chattanooga, and pressed back by 
the cordon of rebellious lines, I witnessed a spirit of determined 
endurance never surpassed in the annals of time. During those 
memorable weeks I saw many men of the gallant Carlin's old 
lirigade subsisting for days on less than sufficient for a single 
meal; and often did I see them, with patient and industrious 
care, picking from the dust and breaking the little bits of half- 
s(nind bread from the corners of spoiled crackers thrown away 
by the commissary, and when I Avould halt and with breast over- 
flowing with sympathy and say, 'boys this is a hard fate;' now 
you cowards and sycophants, think of the reply: 'Yes, it is a 
hard fate, but we will climb the mountains from Bridgeport 
to Chattanooga with boxes of crackers on our shoulders before 
the enemy shall have Chattanooga, if 'Old Rosy, says stay!' 
Then I said the age of heroes has not passed away. 
This is the age of true heroism ; these men are worthy 
to have fought with Washington. Such deeds of pure 
self-denial and such a spirit of patriotic resolve clothes 
our history with a luster unfading and gives our age a 
poetic beauty uneipialed in all the romantic past. And, fellow- 
soldiers, let me say there is no more grand, sublime, magnificient 
spectacle written on the scroll of time than the mighty nprising 
of a great, vigorous and free people in defense of their common 
birth-right, their ])rinciple of action and their institutions and 
household gods of their fathers, exampled by this nation strug- 
gling to preserve intact the Constitution of the United States 
and the supremacy of the laws. It is indeed a mighty struggle 
for a nation's life, involving all the cherished hopes of our 
fathers' and of the doAvn-trodden and oppressed everywhere. 
There is a ])rinciple of moral ethics as well as political economy 
involved in this Avar that fcAV understand, yet fcAver appreciate. 
It is Avhether solemn oaths and obligations shall be held as sacred 
or broken at pleasure; it is a conflict betAveen free labor or slave: 
aristocracy; between Union law and order on one side, division, 
malocracy and disintegration on the other. Most solemnly and 
faithful! v, I do l)elieve this Avouderful contest Avill settle for alt 



Indiana Voluidicr Iitfaithy, 1861-1S65. 79 

time the iiiiniuta])ility and ininiortality of the heaven-born rights 
promulgated in our Deelaration of Independence and the Con- 
stitution of the I'nited States, and that, if l)y any strange 
devilisli or hell-hoi-n machination this most accursed and treason- 
able of all i-ebellions should succeed, then all the sacred ])rin- 
ciples announced by our fathers and consecrated by their lives 
and virtues will be consigned to an 'eternal sleep.' Sage thinkers 
and students and political j)hilosophers have reasoned with un- 
becoming pleasure that a republican form of government was a 
mere myth in the brain of enthusiastics and Utopians, a pleasing 
sophism, a beautiful and attractive but a worthless gem. Upon 
you, soldiers, and upon the loyal people of our country, devolve 
the responsibility of sustaining the only really republican 
government known to human ccKle, by teaching the nations a 
lesson by Avhich they may profit in all future cases. The world 
acknowledges to-day that our government was successfully in- 
stituted amidst revolutions, and for nearly a century has been 
successfully administered in days of peace and defended against 
foreign foes, and now alone I'cmains for us to solve the problem 
whether, in days when treason stalks about, the government can 
defend itself against a powerful, treacherous and snakish 
monster Avithin its own household. I'here is not anothei" power 
among the nations of the earth that could have withstood for a 
single twelve months' period the foul stabs and blows at so 
gigantic and reckless a rebellion as that now M^aged against our 
government. The splendid monarchies of the Old World would 
have tottered and tumbled to ruin, and their beautiful crowjis. 
Avith their sparkling jewels, would have rolled at the feet of some 
l)lebeian conciueror, with 'none so poor as to do them reverence.' 
But compare our government with itself now and when the first 
ti'aitoi-ous gun boomed around the walls of Sumter — who will 
say that it is not richer in all the elements of solid and enduring 
greatness to-day than then, though grown in the midst of war 
and the shedding of blood. The rebellion has brought forth our 
power, proving that in the cornerstone sujipoi'ting our gi-and 
edifice are the imperishable truths and principles of justice, 
liberty, virtue and self-government. Let us remember that, as 
soldiers antl defenders of such divine i)rinciples, we are engaged 
in the noblest cause that ever urged the lover of his country on to 
glory and honor. My faith teaches me that as the gt)ld is refined 
by fire so will our country come forth from this dreadful ordeal, 
refined, purified, regenerated, 'revised and corrected.' Upon us 
and them rests a fearful responsibility, a trust as grand and 
sublime as it is righteous and just. You carry upon the points 
of your bayonets the dearest hope of all living freemen. The 
dear departed shades of our fathers point us onward, and pos- 
terity, from the womb of all future time, will hold this nation 
responsible for its action in this day and age. 



80 Ilistonj of the Eiglihj-First Beyiniciti. 

"I know of what I speak when I say the soldiers of this army 
will do their dnty. Yoiu' eause is just. The great loyal heart is 
stanch, firm and incorruptible : and even the little children in 
all the loyal land are taught to invoke a blessing, upon their 
bended knees, from the hand of the Almighty, to descend on the 
loved ones in the tented field. Morning, noon and night, yea 
every hour in the day, offerings are laid upon the domestic altar 
for our success. My faith is those prayers will be answered, and 
you Avill march on from victory to victory. 

"When the last armed foe expires and the blood of our 
brothers are avenged, our rights maintained, and law and order 
reigns supreme, our government will stand forth purified and 
disenthralled, a splendid monument of human greatness, beau- 
tiful and imperishable. 

"Now, fellow soldiers, my best wishes attend you, and, again 
tendering you my thanks for this grand token of your respect, 
let us remember there is much work yet for us to do and hard- 
ships to undergo before we reach that goal of safety and pluck 
the rich and delightful fruit of a sweet, blissful peace. And, in 
l^arting, let us adopt the sentiment, in view of futui-e action, 
of Longfellow', one of the sweetest American singers: 

' Let us then be up and doing 
With a heart for any fate. 
Still achieving, still pursuing. 
Learn to labor and to wait.' " 

The sword was an exquisite piece of workmanship. The 
blade was of the most superior (pudity and handsomely finished. 
The handle was of pure silver, and the hilt heavily plated with 
gold. On the blade was the following inscription : 

"Presented to Major James E. Calloway Twenty-first Illinois 
Volunteers by the non-connnissioned officers and privates of the 
Eighty-first Indiana Volunteers as a token of our respect and 
esteem for the gallant and skillful manner in Avhich he com- 
manded us at the battle of Chickamauga. Sei)t. 19 and 20. 1863.'' 

On the blade is stamped "U. S." encircled in a Avreath, and 
on the other side our national coat of arms. The scabbard is 
burnished gold. There are three plates of solid silver, each plate 
encircled in a wreath. On the lower plate is engraved the god- 
dess of justice with her scales meting oiit "Equal Rights." 
ri)on the upper plate our national coat of arms, and on the 
center ])late the figure of the goddess of liberty seated on a 
throne. Just along the upper iJate, engraved in letters of gold, 
is the following inscription: "Major James E. Calloway, Twen- 
ty-first Illinois Volunteers, Chickamauga, Se]>t(Mnber 10 and 20. 
1863," The cost of the present was $170. 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 81 



CHAPTER XI. 

GENERAL SHERMAN MARCHING THROUGH GEORGIA. 

On Tuesday, March 22, 1864, we awoke and were surprised 
to find the tironnd covered with snow, which was nearly a foot 
deep. The boys found their bhinkets covered with it, but they 
did not mind it. 

On IMarch 26, 1864, we were still at our old camp, and the 
boys seemed very much attached to the place. The next day was 
Easter Sunday. We had a general inspection of our regiment 
on that day, and also another grand review, and the boys voted 
it a bore and a direct violation of orders from the AVar Depart- 
ment, which said nothing shall be done on the Sabbath day which 
can be dispensed with,- but early every morning found us in line 
of battle. It was pretty tough to stand so long in the cold. No 
talking was allowed in the ranks, and every morning an officer 
from the brigade headquarters would ride along the line to see 
if all the regiments were out. 

About the first week in April we were surprised by the 
reception of "sanitary stores" from the State of Indiana. It 
was indeed a grand treat to the boys. It was the first of the kind 
our regiment had received, and they were doubly thankful for 
it. We received butter, dried apples, kraut, molasses, etc. 

On Sunday, April 10th, we had another grand review, and 
were I'eviewed by General Thomas. We were all anxious to see 
the old hero of Chickamauga, and this time the boys did not 
think that reviews were a bore. The general looked remark- 
ably well, and we were glad to see him. 

On Monday, April 11, we received orders to com- 
mence the practice of target-shooting, and the next day we put 
it into effect. We marched about two miles from camp. Each 
company had a target, which was placed about 300 yards from 
the company. The boys seemed to like the fun very well, and 
judging from the well-riddled targets of our regiment, there 
was some fine shooting done. 

On Monday, April 18, 1864, we had another grand revicAv 
with General Howard, our corps commander. We passed in 
review before the general at 2 p. m. He made a deep impression 
on all of us for his fine and gentlemanly appearance. He was 
minus his right arm, vi'hich he lost in a. battle in the East. He 



82 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

said our brigade was a fine one, and the review the best that had 
taken place in the corps. 

The weather was chilly and cold and in the evening it com- 
menced to rain. Rumors were now afloat that we would soon 
make a move. It looked very much like it, as some regiments of 
our corps came down from Cleveland, a small town some ten 
miles above here on the railroad. Target practice was changed 
to drill every day. 

On April 21, 1864, six new regiments of Indiana troops 
passed our camp and went into camp near us. The boys of the 
regiment at this time were all very lame in their left arm, as 
they had all been vaccinated— the smallpox having made its 
appearance in the brigade, and this was done to prevent the 
spread of the disease. 

It had now come to the time when the boys were looking for 
the paymaster again, and were expecting him every day. We 
resumed target practice again on April 27, 1864; the weather 
began to feel warm for that time of the year. 

We had felt for several weeks that the time to move would 
soon come, so on Thursday, April 28, we received orders to have 
all our surplus baggage packed and sent to the rear, an order 
that settled the matter in our minds that we would soon move 
from this place. It was reported that very little transportation 
would be allowed and that three days' rations was to do us for 
five, until further orders. On Saturday, April 30, we sent 
all our surplus baggage to the rear, and were now under march- 
ing orders, although we expected to remain in camp another 
week. We also sent the greater part of our cooking utensils 
away with our baggage. 

Major General Sherman was then in command of the army, 
and we looked for stirring times soon. On Sunday, May 1st, 
we had inspection and another grand review. About dinner 
time a skunk made its appearance in our regimental quarters, 
and there was quite an excitement among the boys over it. They 
made a vigorous attack on the animal with clubs and stones, kill- 
ing it and getting perfumery enough to last till the war closed. 
We again received orders on May 2d to send all our company 
books and papers to the rear. We still kept up a line of battle 
every morning. We were to have as few incumbrances as pos- 
sible. Only four wagons were allowed to the regiment, the rest 
turned over to the quartermaster. The officers were not allowed 
any more accommodations than the men. The boys were wish- 
ing to remain here till they were paid off, but they were disap- 
pointed, for early on Tuesday morning, May 3, 1864, we received 
the long-expected order to be ready to march at 12 o'clock m. 
There was great excitement among the boys, and all through the 
brigade every one was engaged in packing up and fixing bundles. 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 83 

so they would be easy to carry. Most of the boys had things of 
some kind that they would dearly love to have taken with them, 
but, as everything had to be carried on our backs, many an old 
companion in the shape of a bench, table or box had to be sorrow- 
fully left behind. Indeed, some things the boys said they would 
carry were thrown away before they marched many miles from 
camp. Knapsacks having been packed, blankets rolled and 
canteens lilled, the boys stood around in groups, talking and 
laughing by the fires that were fed by boxes, stools or tables that 
had done good service during our camp life, and some of which 
had been a labor of love to make. Most of the tents were still 
standing, and waiting for the sound of the bugle to "strike 
tents," a call familiar to their ears in times past, and at 12 
o'clock sharp the brigade bugle blew the call, a long, wild hurrah 
went up from the whole brigade and the white tents were fall- 
ing in all directions. 

It was nearly one o'clock before the order was given to fall 
in line, and then our brigade marched out from our camp at 
Ooltewah, feeling sorry to leave it behind, but anxious to know 
the future. With music playing and flags waving to the breeze, 
we marched away, bidding it farewell forever. We marched 
about six miles and went into camp in a thick woods. In the 
morning, before the break of day, we were aroused by the bugle 
call, and soon everybody was getting their breakfast. Our camp 
was alive with the sound of pounding coffee with bayonets in tin 
cups, cutting wood, snatches of songs, jesting and laughing con- 
tinually. Every one seemed to be in the best of spirits. Break- 
fast with the soldier on the march is soon dispatched. In a 
short time the bugle blew to strike tents, which was soon accom- 
plished, and everything being ready we marched out from our 
camp in the woods to the road, it being then about 4 o'clock on 
the morning of May 4, 1864. We marched pretty steadily until 
about 9 o'clock, when we reached a place called Catoosa Springs, 
which was formerly a fashionable watering place for rich 
Southern people. We moved in on the grounds, halted and 
stacked arms and waited for further orders. This w^as a beau- 
tiful place and said to contain eighteen different kinds of water. 
Every spring had a name over it. We wandered around among 
them all, testing each, but we came to the conclusion that they 
were all the same kind of water. The buildings on the grounds 
were in very good repair and appeared very clean. We sup- 
posed the enemy had at one time made the place a hospital. 
Some of the enemy's officers had named some of the springs 
after themselves, which Avere Avritten in pencil. We remained 
here about four hours. About 1 o'clock we fell in line and 
marched out rather slowly, as the troops in the advance were 
skirmishing with the enemy. After marching about a mile we 



84 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

formed in line of battle on a high ridge to the left of the road. 
Shortly after taking up our position we witnessed quite a 
spirited skirmish between some of the enemy's cavalry and our 
advance line of cavalry, which was very interesting to some of 
us. Along in the afternoon we received orders to bivouac where 
we were. Early the next morning everybody was up, expecting 
to move, but no orders came, however, and we laid still all day. 
Everything" was quiet on the front line except an occasional shot 
between the pickets to relieve the monotony of the scene. We 
remained in the same position all the next day. The boys called 
the place "Dolphin Ridge," because it was sharp on top. In 
fact, it was so narrow in some places that there was hardly room 
to spread more than one tent. We were up before daylight the 
next morning and made ready to move, as marching orders had 
been received during the night. About 5 o'clock we left 
"Dolphin Ridge" and marched out toward the front. Skir- 
mishing commenced almost immediately, and Company A and B 
were thrown out as skirmishers. Our regiment pushed forward 
through some heavy underbrush, the road making a curve there, 
and further on we came to it again, and were considerably 
amused by finding ourselves in the rear of our brigade, and 
found the General and staff who were riding along the road. We 
pushed forward again at a rapid rate, the enemy's skirmishers 
having fallen back. After being out about half an hour, com- 
pany B was called in, as one company was deemed sufficient at 
the time. We advanced quite briskly for some two miles, and 
every one appeared full of excitement. Our skirmishers were 
pushing the enemy back rapidly, allowing them no rest. Our 
line of march was strewn with blankets which had been too 
heavy for the boys to carry, the sun coming out pretty hot at the 
time, making them feel uncomfortably warm. The high hills 
and the valleys all around us were covered with a rich green 
verdure, which made the place look very pretty. Coinpany B 
was again ordered out on the skirmish line, and we marched 
forward about a mile, and as we went forward we skirmished 
with the enemy all the way to Tunnel Hill. We halted at the 
tunnel until our brigade came up, and we then moved forward 
up the hill. The enemy being flanked and the hill taken, we 
bivouacked for the night on top of it. The place looked dreary 
enough, wood being very scarce. There were quite a number of 
log huts scattered around, it being a post of the enemy's camp 
during the winter, and from the looks of things was a cavalry 
picket outpost. We had one man wounded, a corporal in Com- 
pany A, in that day's action. 

The next morning, Sunday, May 8, we moved out at half past 
5 o'clock, and marched in line of battle, our regiment being in 
reserve of our brigade. AVe marched slowly for a half-mile and 



Indiana Volunteer Iiifanlnj, 1861-186'). 85 

halted. Skirmishiriii' was very brisk all along our lines. From 
the position our regiment occupied, we had a fine view of the 
field. The enemy occupied some very high hills on our left and 
front and away oft' on the right center, and rifle pits were 
thrown up in the valley in our inunediate front. They had 
batteries placed at different prominent points, throwing shells 
in every direction. We remained all the forenoon in the same 
position. AVhen we halted, cjuite a number were detailed from 
our regiment for skirmish duty. Late in the afternoon our 
artillery opened vigorously on the enemy, giving them plenty of 
shells, and at the same time our division charged them, driving 
them back some distance and advancing our lines. A heavy line 
of skirmishers was kept up all day. Toward night we returned 
to Tunnel Hill and bivouacked for the night in the same place 
as on the previous night. 

About 10 o'clock in the night we witnessed a quick little 
skirmish between the advancing "Feds" and "rebs" on the top 
of a high ridge on our left front. It lasted but a few minutes. 
The flash of every gun was plainly visible on both sides. Our 
regiment watchecl it with interest. It was supposed to be the 
advance of Schofield's Corps working its way from the left. We 
were aroused and formed into line of battle several times during 
the night. We were ordered to strike tents, and, having done 
so, stood in line of battle until 12 o'clock. We then stacked 
arms. Being tired and sleepy, we laid down again, some of the 
boys putting up their tents. We did not have much time to sleep, 
for we were called up long before daybreak and ordered to get 
ready to leave immediately. After a hasty breakfast, everything 
being ready, we left our camp about 4 o'clock in the morning. 
May 9, 1864, and marched further to the front, in supporting 
distance, near the One Hundred and First Ohio, and we remained 
in this position all day, not being called into action as we had 
expected. It was reported that we were to charge the mountain 
in our left front, called "Rocky Face Ridge," but on account 
of it being inaccessible to a large body of troops, our brigade 
was not called on to perform it. During the day the heaviest 
skirmishing we had yet heard was going on in our front lines. 
Part of the day very heavy cannonading was heard on our right 
and left, which made us feel all riaht, as we knew the other corps 
of our army was getting in the enemy's rear, and Avould finally 
flank them. Just before night our skirmishers charged the "rifle 
pits" of the enemy's skirmishers and took them, the whole being 
witnessed by our -corps, and was the best sight we had seen 
during the war. Our boys charged them very lively and the 
"rebs" could be seen going to the rear on the dou])le quick. Our 
brass band struck up a lively tune to help them on, assisted by 
cheers, all mixed toaether. The bovs were wild with excitement. 



86 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

The enemy's batteries opened out from the distant hills, and 
were replied to by our batteries on the right. When night 
finally set in, all became quiet along the lines, except the pickets 
and skirmishers, who at short intervals, exchanged shots. During 
the day the sun was very hot and we pitied the troops who 
laid out in the open fields, and had no shade. The enemy 
thought so, too, because we could hear them plainly shouting 
from the top of ' ' Rocky Face : " " Say, Yanks, come up into 
the shade," an invitation our boys gladly accepted a few days 
after, but "Johnny Rebs" considered it prudent not to stay to 
receive us. Our regiment and brigade were placed in such a 
position that we all had plenty of shade. 

We remained in the same position all the next day. May 10, 
1864, on the Dalton Road, in supporting distance of the brigade. 
Musket firing was not so lively as the day before, but the artillery 
firing was greater. The enemy on the ridge in our front opened 
on us with two guns, and shelled us pretty lively, but did not do 
inuch damage. Our batteries opened on them and after a short 
time silenced them. Our boys on the front line suffered con- 
siderably from the enemy's sharpshooters. On the afternoon 
we heard distant cannonading in the rear of the enemy, and it 
was supposed to be Schofield's Corps touching them up. We 
laid in the same position the next day until about 4 :30 o 'clock 
in the afternoon, when we were surprised by recei\ang an order 
to fall into line without knapsacks immediately, which was soon 
done. Leaving our knapsacks in charge of a detail, we started 
on the double quick in the direction of ' ' Rockey Face, ' ' reaching 
a skirt of bushes on the edge of an open field which lay between 
us and the ridge. We formed our lines in conjunction with 
other regiments of our brigade, and at the word "Forward !" we 
charged across the field with a yell, receiving a heavy fire from 
the enemy's sharpshooters, who Avere posted in trees and behind 
rocks on the side of the ridge. Reaching the base of the ridge, 
we hurriedly commenced the ascent, but owing to a heavy rain 
the night previous we found it hard climbing, with its per- 
pendicular face and numerous cuts and gullies in its steep sides. 
When about half way up the hill the enemy opened on us a 
heavy fire of grape and cannister, which, if their guns had been 
depressed enough, would have actually swept us off its face. As 
it was dangerous to start up, we were ordered to lie down 
when nearly to its top. The solid rock rises to a great height, 
presenting a perpendicular front impossible to climb without 
ropes or ladders, which was a bar to any attempt to reach 
the top from its front. The One Hundred and First Ohio 
was in front of us about thirty yards and close to the base of 
the rocks. They lost several men killed and wounded, as did 
other regiments in line with them — some from rocks thrown 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 87 

down from above l)y the enemy. We hugged the ground rather 
close as the shot passed over us, and it made us feel rather 
solemn for the time being. We laid there until it was nearly 
dark, when Ave were ordered to fall back. By this time the 
enemy ceased their artillery firing and only skirmishing could 
be heard. 

As the shades of night began to fall on the ridge, it looked 
awfully wild and gloomy, and we were glad to get away f i-om it. 
We did not lose a man in our regiment in that action. On our 
return we heard the charge was made to test the strength of 
the enemy in our front, as it was supposed that they were falling 
back. 

We were aroused the next morning long before daybreak 
and ordered to get ready to move. The weather was very cold, 
and felt more like November than May. We left camp at three 
o'clock in the morning and marched in the direction of Buzzard 
Roost Gap. We took our position in front of it and connnenced 
fortifying. The enemy seemed unusually quiet. Our batteries 
shelled them occasionally, but there was no reply. We remained 
in position behind our works all day. Everything appeared to 
be very quiet except the usual skirmishing. The day was cold 
and chilly and fires were comfortable. There were rumors 
among the boys in the evening that the enemy was falling back. 
It was set down by the boys as a " grapevine ' ' dispatch, although 
some firmly believed it. 

We had an early breakfast next morning, and about 5 o'clock 
our batteries opened fire on the enemy, but there was no 
response. Shortly afterward we received orders to be ready to 
move at a moment's notice, without knapsacks or tents. Just 
as we had everything ready and piled away, orders came to get 
ready with all our things and to march innnediately, a.s it had 
been ascertained beyond any doul)t that the enemy had evac- 
uated. So we started at 7 :30 a. m. and pavssed through Buzzard 
Roost Gap. We thought it one of the strongest positions we had 
yet beheld, which caused a large amount of wonder and sur- 
prise among us that the enemy would give up without a fight, 
but Hanking did the business for us nicely. We hurriedly passed 
through their late cam])s and quarters and found almost every 
point fortified. AVe marched out on the road in great haste 
toward Dalton, and passed through the town at 10 o'clock a. m. 
We passed several places that the enemy had attempted to burn, 
but did not succeed altogether, as they were in tm^ much of a 
hurry to get away. We halted for a few moments in the town, 
and noticed several women standing at their doors, who from 
their conversation seemed to be full-blooded "rebs." They 
talked very sharply to some of the officers. They said they ex- 
pected to see us coming back that way again on a run, and they 



88 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

would be very glad of it. They said "Jo" Johnson Avas only 
drawing ns on, and that we would soon see something. They 
never realized their expectations. Our advance came up with 
the enemy's rear guard south of the town, and skirmishing 
commenced immediately. We advanced slowly on their skir- 
mishers and when about nine miles from town we formed in 
line of battle and marched through a dense woods and thicket 
and came out on a road that was made and graded for a railroad. 
We halted here and went into camp for the night, feeling very 
tired and weary. Our rations were about out, and we felt pretty 
hungry. The commissary was away behind, so the boys laid 
down and went to sleep, as there was no telling when it would be 
up. About the middle of the night we were aroused up by our 
commissary sergeant telling us to come and get our rations, 
but it was not very pleasant to crawl out of our warm blankets 
at that hour, and it was quite a trouble to get enough of the boys 
to go after rations, for they were so tired and sleepy they would 
rather do without than to go after them at that hour of the night. 
After a short time every one got their dues and quiet reigned 
in our camp till morning', only broken now and then by a shot 
on the picket line. 

The next morning Ave all had a good breakfast and then 
moved out at sunrise and marched left in front till 12 o'clock, 
when we suddenly came upon the enemy in force. We halted, 
and General Stanley, connnanding our division, ordered two 
companies of our regiment to be thrown out immediately as skir- 
mishers, so Companies B and G were ordered out, and soon 
deployed on the left flank of our line. The ground was hilly and 
covered with pines. We found a Michigan cavalry regiment 
skirmishing with the enemy and there were pretty lively times. 
We soon joined in, the bullets flying in every direction, some- 
times too close for comfort. Everybody Avas behind any cover 
he could find. The trees AA'ere very slim and Avould hardly 
cover a person. There was a large cornfield at the foot of the 
hill we were on, and some cavalry Avere down there skirmishing. 
Beyond the cornfield was a curtain of timber, and there the 
enemy seemed to be posted. Occasionally Ave could hear them 
shouting. In a short time they opened on us Avith a heavy fire 
and the cavalry fell back, and as the enemy appeared to lie ad- 
vancing on us, we retreated sloAvly. We Avent only a short dis- 
tance and halted, reformed our lines and commenced skirmishing 
again. We uoaa- advanced sloAvly and droA'e the enemy, Avho Avere 
cavalry, about one and a half miles. Some of us had very narroAV 
escapes from being hit. The balance of the regiment and brigade 
.ioined us there, and Ave marched up on a A^ery high ridge and 
formed a line of battle. Cannon and nnisket firing Avas very 
heavy on our right, Avhich told us that some heavy fighting Avas 



Indinnn Voliinhrr Iiifantrif, 1861-1865. 89 

«;oint; on in that direction. In forming our line of battle our 
regiment was thrown to the left, which put us off the bridge down 
in the valley. A road led through the valley in the direction of 
the enemy, and the center of our regiment i-ested on the road. 
The One Hundred and First Ohio joined our right, part resting 
on the side of the ridge and the balance on the top. uniting with 
the rest of the regiments of our brigade. A heavy detail of skir- 
mishers from each regiment w^as sent out to cover our front. 
Several squads of cavalry also passed out through our lines to 
skirmish with the enemy. There did not seem to be anything 
on the left of our regiment; if thero was, -we could not see it. 
We rested on the rise of ground above to the left of the road. 

Late in the afternoon a mail arrived for our regiment. After 
we had just time to open the letters and packages and look at 
them, skirmishing broke out on our front and every one was 
ordered into line quickly. Temporary breastworks were hurridly 
thrown up by orders of our colonel, and as the ])ullets eonnnenced 
to fly in our direction we were ordered to lie down. Nearer and 
nearer came the noise and the excitement among us all was 
wrought to the highest pitch, as we expected the enemy to charge 
in on us every moment. AVe were cautioned particularly not to 
shoot until orders were given to do so, as quite a number of our 
men were out on the skirmish lines and had not been driven in. 
Still nearer came the noise of battle, but the men kept lying low, 
each with his gun in his hand and his finger ready on the trigger, 
and faced to the front, ready to let fly a storm of lead on the 
enemy's first appearance. The boys were greatly alarmed for 
fear that the enemy might come in on our left flank and take 
the advantage of ns, but the enemy advanced in heavy columns 
and drove in our skirmishers. They soon reached our lines, 
when we were ordered to rise up quickly and give them a volley 
and fall back, as our left flank Avas being turned, and the regi- 
ment on our right was giving away. In an instant all was con- 
fusion. Companies and regiments became scattered and mixed, 
all going to the rear as fast as possible. We had several fences 
to climb, but very little climbing was done, for all that could 
not jump them tumbled over them. Our woolen and rubber 
l)lankets never, it seemed, felt so heavy as they did just then. 
The enemy had a fair view to shoot at us from the top of the 
high hills on our left, and the balls flew through the air thick 
and fast. No one seemed to be hit. but there was (piite a 
number of miraculous escapes from death. We fell back about 
half a mile from our front line, and our regiment I'allied on the 
left of a log house in an old field. While we were forming onr 
lines we were sur])rised by a scattering fire on our left, and we 
were ordered to fall back, as we were flanked again. We re- 
treated a few hundred yards further, halted and again formed 



*J0 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

our line, and were ordered to lie down while the Fifth Indiana 
Battery threw them a little grape and cannister over our heads 
into the woods beyond. Although the battery boys worked with 
a will, it was a terrible situation for us to be in. To stand up 
was to run the risk of having our heads blown off. The boys of 
the battery were afraid they would loose their guns and they 
implored and begged the infantry to stay with them, our regi- 
ment being without support on the flanks. The battery ceased 
firing and we fell back a few hundred yards further. We 
formed our lines and kept up a continual fire on the woods in 
our front. The other regiments of our brigade were reorganized 
as fast as possible and prolonged the lines. In the meantime the 
battery sent the shells as fast as ever. In a few moments after 
taking up our last position we were joyfully surprised to find a 
heavy reinforcement from General Hooker's Corps, which came 
to our relief with General Hooker himself. They were received 
with loud cheers, and in few moments they charged the enemy 
in our front driving them before them. The long agony was 
over, and we felt that Hooker had saved us. 

One thing was noticed by the men during all the excitement, 
that none of our brigade officers nor the general commanding 
were to be seen on the field ; only one staff officer, and he stayed 
with our regiment. The fight lasted until 7 p. m. 

After the fight was over we marched inside the breastworks 
that had been thrown up during the day, and they were crowded 
with ti-oops, all making preparations to camp for the night. 
Having found a place for our brigade, we commenced to make 
arrangements to camp, but we had hardly spread our blankets 
down before an order came to fall in, and, with weary bodies and 
aching bones, we marched out and away to another part of the 
lines, arriving there at 10 p. m. perfectly worn out with our 
day's work. Wrapping ourselves in our blankets, with the sky 
for our roof, we were soon asleep on the ground. This had in- 
deed been a hard day's work for us, commencing at sunrise and 
lasting away into the night without one moment's quiet rest 
during the day. We had two men of our regiment slightly 
wounded. 

The next morning we were up at daylight, had an early 
breakfast, and then received orders to l)e ready to move im- 
mediately, as we were detached from our brigade to hold an 
important point on the extreme left of the Second Brigade of 
our division. We moved out at 5 o'clock. In a short time we 
reached our destination, which Avas on the side of a hill facing 
the enemy, and commenced operations at once by building 
breastworks. We made them good and strong. Every few 
minutes shells passed over our heads, singing their peculiar 
song, while the bullets from the skirmish line flew lively. We 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 91 

kept close to our works, as we had nothing else to do. About 
2:30 o'clock Hooker's Corps moved forward on the enemy. 
Butterfield's brigade of that corps passed through our lines five 
ranks deep, with bayonets fixed. We spoke words of encourage- 
ment to the boys as they passed forward. One regiment in 
particular had never been in a fight, and as this was their first 
trial they looked serious. When the troops reached the crest of 
the hill, they halted, reformed their lines, and, with a yell, dashed 
forward on the enemy's works. The artillery on both sides 
worked with a vengeance. The musketry was a continual roar 
and the excitement in our regiment was intense. Not being 
engaged we had to lie very close, as the shells and bullets flew 
thick about us. The whole thing did not last over five or ten 
minutes, and then we heard a great cheer all along the line, 
announcing the glad tidings that the blow was successful. Every 
one felt jubilant, and there was no danger of standing up 
straight. We had captured four cannons. The boys charged 
so quickly that the enemy had no time to haul them away. We 
remained in the works Ave built until 6 p. m., when we were 
relieved and rejoined our brigade. We found the "old First" 
intrenched on the side of a hill, where they had a line of works 
built. 

Shortly after our arrival in camp rations came up, and word 
was sent around to come and get them. While issuing rations, 
balls from the skirmish lines frequently passed over our heads, 
sometimes a little too close for comfort, one ball especially 
burying itself in a barrel of pickle pork on which one of our boys 
was sitting at the time, and another struck a box of crackers. 
Everyone seemed to take it rather coolly, but rations were issued 
quickly and with dispatch, and not one was struck. 

About 11 o'clock at night we were aroused by heavy firing 
again, which lasted some time, the enemy having charged our 
lines, but were driven off. During the excitement at the time our 
sergeant major was wounded while lying in bed, being hit with 
a stray ball in both legs. The next morning we were rejoiced 
to find the enemy had retreated during the night. We did not 
leave camp until 8 o'clock, and then we started out on the hunt 
for the enemy. We passed through their works, and in 
some places found them torn up badly from the fire of our guns. 
Small arms were scattered in every direction, and here and there 
a dismantled cannon, with broken gun carriages. The distruc- 
tion was terrible in dead horses and mules, and at the spot we 
passed were thousands of guns piled together. They got away 
in such a hurry that they left everything, even their dead and 
quite a number of their wounded. Our boys were very kind to 
the wounded, gave them water and shared with them their 
hardtack. A great many had been told that if we got them they 



92 History of the Eighty-First licgimcnt, 

would all be murdered, but they were glad to find it was not so. 
While marching over the battle field we had to halt often, 
as troops were moving in all directions by brigades, divisions 
and corps. It presented quite an animated scene, and was 
truly a war picture. When we got fairly under way we marched 
steadily until we reached the town of Resaca, at 12 o'clock, and. 
from our standpoint, we thought the place had been strongly 
fortified. Forts and rifle pits were in every conceivable position 
to defend the place, but our flanking did the business. We 
halted, stacked arms, got our dinner and remained until 5 :30 
o'clock in the afternoon. We then fell in and crossed the Coosa 
River on canvas pontoon bridges, the enemy having burned the 
railroad bridge as they retreated. After we crossed the river 
we marched slowly for about three miles, and went into camp, 
where we lay until the next morning at 8 o'clock, when we were 
ordered to fall in. We started out on a slow and tedious march, 
our advance skirmishing with the enemy's rear guard. We 
reached the town of Calhoon at 11 a. m. and passed through it 
almost on the double quick. Everything appeared upside down. 
The main street was full of papers of all kinds and scattered 
in every direction. They were taken from the Court House. 
The town was completely deserted, not a solitary inhabitant to 
be seen of either sex. Our march Avas lively, we soon arriving 
at the town of Adairsville. At 6 o'clock in the evening heavy 
skirmishing commenced along the front line, so we came to the 
conclusion that the enemy was going to make a stand, for they 
seemed to be in full force in our front. The firing of our skir- 
mishers was very lively at this time and we were ordered into 
line of battle. We formed in an open wheat field, with a large 
house on our right, and in front of it was several batteries get- 
ting ready for action. We advanced a short distance from 
where we formed and halted again, several shells from the 
enemy passing over our heads. We continued in line till dark 
and bivouacked for the night. As we lay there they kept up a 
lively fire on the skirmish line away into the night. During the 
night we saw a bright light which made the heavens look bright. 
We laid in the same position until the next morning at 9 a. m. 
A large number of troops had been moving out since daylight. 
We left our position at 9 o'clock and moved out to the road. 
We had not gone far before we came to what had caused the 
bright light the night before. It was a large dwelling house 
l)uilt in tlie octagon style, which no donbt was a fine ])uilding. 
As we marched past there was nothing left l)ut the walls. Our 
march was slow all day, and we wc3it into camp about 7 p. m.. 
feeling very tired, having kept up this kind of marching for 
some weeks. But still we were compelled to go on. 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 93 

On the niorniui^ of May 18, 1864, we were iij) early and 
marehed at 7 o'clock, o\ir I'eginient and brigade being in front. 
Soon after starting, Companies B and G were thrown out as 
Hankers for the brigade. It was pretty tough work at times, as 
we had to pick our way through swamps and thickets, quite 
ditferent from marching on a level road. 

We reached the town of Kingston on May 19, 1864, at 8 :30 
a. m., where we found the enemy drawn up in line and skir- 
mishers thrown out. We advanced as slvirmishers for a while 
and were then ordered in. As we passed through the town we 
went through a garden that had some strawberries growing in 
it, but the boys soon made a clean sweep of them. On the 
other side of the town skirmishers were again thrown out and 
advanced as far as an old milldam and halted. After remain- 
ing a short time they rejoined the regiment, when we took the 
main road. The weather was warm and the roads dusty. After 
marching a short time we halted again. In a few minutes some 
cavalry came along and rei)orted the enemy drawn up in Inie 
of battle in our front, Avaiting for us. There was quite a com- 
motion in the ranks. Those who were in any way sick were given 
passes to the rear. Artillery went past us at a lively rate to the 
front, and things began to look serious. We were ordered to 
fall in; then marehed a short distance uj) the road, halted a few 
moments, filed to the right into the Avoods and formed in 
line of battle. A lieutenant and a few men were sent to recon- 
noiter a hill a short distance froui our right flank to see if any 
rebs Avere there. Company B Avas ordered out as skirmishers, 
but the boys did not like it very much, as they thought their 
turn came too often, but they all w^ent off through a thicket of 
pine Avoods. They found it hard Avork to keep their lines Avith 
those on the fianks. Orders were pavssed along the line to 
"guide right," and "guide left," ''come round on the right." 
and such ex[)ressions, but they kei)t moving for some time, Avhen 
they halted, and some of the boys conunenced chatting Avith 
each other, Avhen a fcAV shots from the enemy's skirmishers, sent 
in their direction, soon silenced them and made them look 
sharper than they had before. They sent a volley in the same 
direction, and our artillery commenced pounding aAvay on our 
left. AVhen they reached the edge of the Avoods they found an 
open field, and our skirmish line continued acro.ss into the 
woods beyond. A short distance to the reai" our division Avas 
drawn up in line; rank after rank stretched across the field. 
The old Eighty-first Avas in the front line, and the little that 
was left of our old. tattered and Avar-worn flag, begrimed as it 
was by poAvder and rent by bullets and storms until it Avas 
scarcely recognizable as a flag, fluttered there as gayly as any 
of its new and more gorgeous sisters of some of the other regi- 



94 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

nients. As we entered the open field and looked back a scene 
of beauty met our eyes not soon to be forgotten by those who 
witnessed it. With the old flag streaming in the breeze and 
long lines of blue stretching across the green fields into the 
forest on either side, where their movements could be traced 
by the glimmer of the bayonets in the dark green foliage, as 
they moved up quickly to our support; batteries hurrying 
hastily up to the front, and the long line of ambulances, Avagons 
and ammunition teams hurrying to their places, made a scene of 
excitement that was truly grand. As a fit setting to such a 
glorious picture, right in our rear, close up to the army, was a 
railroad train puffing and blowing, carrying our supplies. The 
enemy's skirmishers could plainly be seen, their line being 
stretched along a rail fence which crossed the field, while some 
distance in their rear we could see their line of battle and their 
officers hurrying hither and thither, giving orders. But the 
scene did not last long, for our batteries opened a lively fire 
on them while we continued to advance. In a short time they 
were seen falling back, their skirmishers bringing up the rear, 
at a very lively gait, the reason for which, we afterward 
learned, was because they were Governor Brown's "Georgia 
Milish, " which could not stand fire. We continued to advance 
till we were clear of the woods. One of our boys captured a 
bottle of soft soap and a haversack, which were suddenly left 
by a reb. After proceeding a short distance we were relieved 
and rejoined our regiment. 

It was here we got our first view of General Sherman. He 
looked rather awkward to us, and very rough. He was smoking 
a cigar, but rode a good horse and seemed to be taking things 
rather coolly. 

As soon as we reached the road we marched a short distance 
and then filed to the left, into a wood. After marching about 
half an hour we went into camp in a dense thicket of pine. 
This was a hard day's work to us and we were all pretty tired, 
for the day was warm. We remained in camp all the next 
day. May 20, 1864. It was understood we were to remain a 
while to take a rest and a clean-up, both being needed very 
much. It was now seventeen days since we left our camp at 
Ooltewah. Since that time we had been continually in excite- 
ment and on the move. We began to feel like we needed rest 
and were truly thankful to get it. Orders were received to 
make our estimate of shoes wanted, as some of the boys needed 
them badly. We remained in camp the next day. Most of 
the boys washed their clothing, as a very nice stream of water 
ran close to our camp. We also received orders to make out 
an estimate for clothing. We had all kinds of rumors in camp 
about moving, that we would have a twenty day's march, 



hidiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 95 

and from the indications it appeared to be true. Our boys were 
in excellent spirits and health. The weather was very warm, 
and being camped in a thicket of pines it was close and sultry. 

The next day, Sunday, May 22, 1864, still found us in camp 
without orders to move. The weather continued very warm. 
This was our third day in camp at this place. We were three 
miles from Kingston and close to the railroad. We had re- 
ceived plenty of rations, the boys were satisfied, and we began 
to feel the good effect of our rest, but it was rumored that 
we could look for marching orders at any moment. Our mail 
arrived a.s regularly as could be and all appeared contented. 

The next morning our camp was full of excitement, as it 
was pretty well understood that we would move out at 12 
o'clock, but we did not start as we were still expecting our shoes. 
They arrived shortly afterward and were issued immediately, 
everything being ready to march. 

On May 24, we moved out at about 3 p. m. The roads were 
very dusty. Our march was in the direction of the Altoona 
Mountains, where it was supposed the enemy were fortified. 
Near sundown w^e crossed the P^towali River on a good bridge 
which the enemy failed to burn for want of time. We marched 
until near 10 o'clock at night, and went into camp in a large 
wheat field. Although we just had a good rest for several days, 
this march was a tiresome one, especially to the boys who had 
on new shoes, as they were not broken in yet. We were glad 
to go into camp, make fires, get supper and rest our feet. We 
left our camp next morning, May 25, about 9 o'clock, and 
started on the road again. Our march was very slow and tedious, 
owing to the hilly nature of the country and the difficulty of 
gettiug our trains and artillery along. Sometimes we marched 
on the road, and then again we would take to the woods or the 
side of the road and give the road to our trains. We reached 
the mountains about 12 o'clock, climbed them and continued 
on the march till nearly sundown, when we deeended into a 
valley. As we saw some trains corraling, we expected to go 
into camp, and marched into a field and halted. We had hardly 
done so when we received orders to move ahead, as it was five 
miles further before we could camp. Just before we halted 
a heavy thunder storm came up, rain drops began to fall, and 
the situation ahead was anything but pleasant. By this time 
it was quite dark and we had a pretty steep hill to climb. The 
rain came down in torrents, and in a few moments it made the 
roads fearfully muddy. It was quite a job to climb up the hill, 
it lieing so slippery that several of the boys, when near 
the top, lost their balance and slid down again, the successful 
ones assisting them (m their way with cheers and laughter. 
Everything looked terrible. The roads being blocked up with 



9.6 History of the Ehjliiy -First Regiment, 

the trains, we had to take to the woods again. One could not 
imagine a more wild and weird scene than this night's 
march was. But all things have an end, and so did the storm 
and our march. We got into camp about 12 o'clock completely 
covered with mud, wringing wet and hungry as bears, but we 
soon built fires, got our suppers and tried to dry out a little 
before we went to sleep. Some of the boys fell by the wayside 
and did not come in till next morning. We did not leave our 
camp next day until about 9 o'clock, when we started on the 
road toward Dallas. Our march was slow and tiresome, on 
account of marching through the Avoods, as we had to give the 
right of way to the wagon trains. A great many of the boys 
complained of being stitf and sore on account of their new 
shoes. Along in the evening we heard heavy firing of artillery 
and inusketry in the direction of our left. The Eighty-first 
was marching in front of the brigade. In a few moments a 
mounted officer galloped toward us and we were ordered to 
move forward quickly. By this time the sound told us they 
meant business, and seemed to be only a short distance away. 
Sore feet and stiff legs were forgotten as we hurried forward. 
We began to meet musicians going to the rear— a good sign of a 
fight ahead. AVe soon met wounded men coming to the rear. 
As we got closer to the front we learned that some of our men 
had run into an ambuscade, where the enemy had a masked 
battery upon a high hill. By this time it was nearly dark, and 
we filed off the road to the right, and bivouacked for the night. 
We had hardly stacked arms before we were ordered to fall in 
and move out on the road toward the battle field. About the 
time we got in line it commenced to rain pretty hard and firing 
(m the front lines had ceased. We moved over a portion of the 
battle field and began to meet the wounded in greater numbers 
than before. Our brigade was halted and we moved off the 
road to give them a chance to pass. We waited for nearly two 
hours for them to do so. They were in ambulances and on 
stretchers, and some were carried by their comrades. It was 
a sorrowful sight. Over four hundred wounded men went past 
us as we waited. As soon' as they had passed we took the road, 
and moved forward a short distance, filed to the right into some 
woods and camped for the night. A heavy rain was falling, 
making everything very unpleasant. 

The next morning we moved forward a short distance, 
halted, formed in line of battle and lay in reserve all day. 
Rations were issued to us here, which we were all glad to get, 
as our supplies were pretty near out. There was very heavy 
skirmishing in our front all day. We camped for the night 
in the same place. 



haliana Vohtuiccr Iiifinilrij, 1861-1865. 97 

The next morning, Wednesday, May 25, 1864, our brigade 
moved out to the front lines to relieve another brigade of our 
division, but as we only had three regiments of about nine 
hundred men, we could not relieve all of the l)rigade. After 
remaining in the breastworks for about half an hour we were 
relieved by another brigade larger than ours, and we retired 
a few hundred yards and lay in reserve the ])alan('e of thu day, 
expecting orders at any time to move forward to assist in a 
charge on the enemy's lines. Happily, however, it did not 
take place, and we were not disturbed. We lay in the rear of 
a battery which kept a continued firing on the enemy. They 
replied quite briskly, which kept us in continual excitement on 
account of the sliells flying over us. some of them coming a 
little too close for comfort, some bursting close to us, but none 
of our regiment were injured. We remained in the same posi- 
tion until about 2 o'clock tlie next afternoon, when we got 
orders to fall in and move out, our regiment being in front. 
We marched several miles to our extreme left, when we halted 
and commenced throwing up fortifications, our regiment being 
on the left of our brigade. We supposed this move was to 
place us in reserve on the flank to prevent the enemy from 
turning our left. We worked until 12 o'clock at night on our 
breastworks, making them good and strong. 

We had received no mail for several days. 

The next day, Sunday, May 29, 1864, we expected to get 
a rest, but instead of a day of peace and quiet we heard nothing 
but the noise of war. We laid all day in the same position, 
with our usual detail for picket and skirmish duty. All day 
the firing on the skirmish line was heavy, and on the right of 
our army some heavy fighting was going on. We were looking 
every hour for a general engagement along the whole line. 
We remained in the same position until 10 o'clock the next 
morning, INIay 30, 1864, when we were ordered to fall in quickly 
and be ready to move immediately. We moved out from our 
breastworks shortly after the order was given, our regiment 
leading the brigade, and marched about one and a half miles, 
bringing us to the extreme left of our infantry lines. We were 
supported by Stoncman's Cavalry on our left flank, and part 
of the conunand was dismounted and deployed as skirmishers 
in front of us. We were placed as a support to the cavalry, 
and took up our position on a high hill which was pretty welf 
covered with rocks. We laid quiet all day, not being disturbed, 
and the boys amused themselves by turning over rocks, hunt- 
ing lizards and scorpions, and finding some of the largest ants 
we had ever seen. About 6 p. m. we were relieved by another 
brigade, we then returned to our fortifications, and the l)ov.s 
felt glad of it. 



1)8 Jlisfory of the Eight D-First Regiment, 

There was a regiment in the brigade that relieved us that was 
a very large one ; in fact, larger than our entire brigade. It was 
a new, one, only out a few months. 

Just as we had about made our arrangements for a good 
night's rest, orders came to get ready to move at a moment's 
notice. We soon learned that our little brigade of four regi- 
ments had been detailed as a train guard to go back to Kingston. 
The boys felt jolly at getting a chance to go to the rear, to be 
out of the sound of cannons, guns, shells and splinters for 
a while. In a short time everything was in readiness. We soon 
moved out, receiving, as we started, special orders to keep our 
accounterments close together to prevent any noise being made 
while marching, to have no talking in the ranks, but to move 
along quietly and quickly. The night was very dark, and we 
appeared to move toward the rear, and very close to our 
skirmish lines. We could see every flash when a gun was fired, 
and quite often a bullet from the enemy flew over our heads 
with the old familiar whiz. At one place as we moved along 
the firing from the enemy's skirmishers was very lively, which 
was quickly replied to by our skirmishers. For a moment we 
thought an attack was about to be made. The bullets flew 
thick and fast, but they all went over us. The quick firing 
brought out the big guns, and they joined in the fray, but in 
a few moments all wjas quiet and things settled down to an 
occasional shot. After a short march we reached our hospitals 
in the field, which consisted of large white tents. They were 
filled with wounded. Fires were l)uilt outside, which gave light 
all around. We could hear the groans of the wounded as we 
passed near some of the tents. The ambulances were bringing 
in more, and the doctors and helpers were moving about in 
great haste. It was a sad-looking place, and we passed hurriedly 
by. We marched seven miles, then halted and camped in the 
woods on the side of the road about 1 o'clock at night, feeling 
pretty tired, and, as some of the boys said, "played out." It 
was said that the train under our charge contained over three 
thousand wounded men. 

We moved out in the morning early, our train being ahead 
of us. Before we were many hours on the road, marching 
became tedious; in fact, very tiresome. As we moved along 
we could hear heavy cannonading at the front, telling us that 
times were lively out there. We marched about twenty miles, 
finally reaching camp on the Etowah River, the wagons being 
corraled just before dark. The weather was warm and the 
roads very dusty, which Avas worse on us, as we marched in the 
rear of the wagons and got all the dust they made. Some of 
the boys took a good bath in the i-ivei'. 



JiididiKi Yohi )tt( ( r I iifdiil i-jj, 1S()1-18G~>. 99 

The next morning, May 81, 18f)4, we left camp about 8 
o'eloek. ("oinpany B was detailed to guard some prisoners 
on tlieir way to the rear. Flankers were thrown out on both 
sides of the road, part of the company in advance and part 
in the rear, the i)risoners in the center. We treated them 
kindly while they were in our charge. AVe found some of them 
to be very nice men. Two of them were commissioned officers, 
the balance privates. We conversed wnth them on the march. 
Some of them appeared glad at the change in their condition, 
others looked gloomy and morose, especially, one of the officers. 
They said they had about eighty thousand men at the Altoona 
Alountains, well entrenched, and intended to make a stand 
there. 

We made a ({uiek march and reached Kingston about 11 
a. m. on June 1, 18(U. Our prisoners were turned over to the 
post connnander. Before leaving, some of them expressed a 
wish that we Avere going all the way through with them. 
Some of us wished so, too. AVe went into camp in a very 
pleasant place on the side of a hill in front of the town. The 
ground was dotted here and there with young pine trees, with 
a creek tiowing near. All of us took advantage of the creek 
for bathing ])urposes. We found quite a number of troops 
stationed there. We were all glad to get back to Kingston, be- 
cause it gave us a chance for rest and quiet for a short time. 
Our brigade was very small at times owing to several of the 
regiments being home on furlough, and we were looking for 
some of them back every day. The boys enjoyed their rest 
and the little change in diet. They got soft bread and fruit. 
Some of the boys laid in a little supply of fancy stores for the 
future from the sutler. We washed our clothes and had a gen- 
eral cleaning up, which we needed badly. Shoes and socks 
were issued to those who needed them. 

Our third day in camp was a rainy one, but that did not 
nuike nnich difference to the boys. Our sutler arrived with a 
full stock of good things, and Avas hailed with delight. Our com- 
missary also came up and issued rations, so for a rainy day in 
camp we had i)lenty of excitement. 

On the morning of tln^ fourth day of our sojoui-n in camp, 
which was Saturday, June 4, 1864, orders came to be ready to 
move some time during the day. If the boys could have had 
their say, they would have been in favor of staying at Kingston 
a few days more, but at 12 o'clock came the sound of the bugle 
to fall in, and that settled all conti'oversy. In a short time we 
were moving out of cam]> in advaiu'c of the wagon train on our 
way to the front. We marched abont eight miles and reached 
Ktowah River, halted and l)ivonacked for the night. Being in 
the adA'ance. Ave got into camp early, about 4 o'clock ]>. m.. while 

Lora 



100 History of tJie EigJify-First Regiment, 

the rear of our train did not leave Kingston until 5 o'clock, 
and reached us at 12 o'clock at night. The weather was cloudy 
and it rained all day, making the roads muddy and disagreeable. 

The next morning, June 5, 1864, was Sunday. Yes, it was 
Sunday at home, but very little of it could be seen here. We 
had no clean linen to put on, no blacking to use on our shoes, 
no church bells to listen to and we were about camp the same as 
any other day of the week. We remained in camp until the 
last wagon of our train had passed out, our regiment bringing 
up the rear, so it was 12 o'clock in the day before we got started. 
It rained all the forenoon, all the men getting wet and feeling 
very uncomfortable. We marched about five miles and halted. 
We expected to go into camp, but just before dark orders were 
received to fall in and bring up the rear of the train. The road 
being so bad, the train could hardly move. AVe got along very 
slow, so many of the wagons getting stalled. Companies B and 
G were detailed to stay with them till morning. It only wanted 
two hours to daylight, yet the boys were glad of the chance to 
rest, as they were very tired from marching and helping the 
wagons over streams and up hills knee deep in mud. 

Some of our boys were afflicted with a disease of a strange 
nature, called by some " moonblindness. " As soon as the sun 
went down they became perfectly blind. During the night's 
march they had to be led by the hands, as they were perfectly 
helpless. 

During the night we had more rain, and when morning came 
a more wet and miserable looking set of men could hardly be 
found anywhere. Still the boys were all in good spirits. 

On June 6, 1864, when day dawned, we started on the road 
again in the rear of the train. The nuiles, having had a few 
hours' rest and something to eat, started on, and by our help, 
pushing and prying them out of mud holes, some of them l)elow 
the hubs of the wheels, the drivers yelling, whipping and swear- 
ing, they moved on. The day was warm and we had a few 
showers of rain. We got into camp at dark, full of mud, wet 
and tired, but thankful for our chance to rest. Our brigade was 
divided and scattered all along the road, escorting the train. 

(j!eneral CrufiP, our brigade commander, was sick, and Colonel 
Kirby, of the One Hundred and First Ohio, conmianded the 
brigade. 

On June 7, 1864, we remained in camp until 8 a. m. We 
then moved forward. The marching was more pleasant than 
the day before, because we did not have to halt so often. We had 
all of our regiment together, but our brigade was divided along 
the road and most of it away in the rear guarding the train. 
The wagons Ave were Avith Avent along Avithout any trouble or 
delay, for AA'hich we Avere truly thankful. We arriA'ed at our 



Iiididiui \'()Iuiil( «')• I iifinitrji, J861-1865. 101 

division headcinarlers at 11 a. in., and were suri)rised to find llie 
remainder of the division in regular camp. Shortly after we 
arrived we received orders to do the same. We thought we were 
going to stay for a Avhile. We were glad, for we needed rest 
after such a journey as we had. We put up our dog tents in 
regular order in a nice grove of trees. The ground was covered 
with grass, and the boys wei-e delighted with the situation. The 
weather was very sultiy during the day ; no air was stirring. 
The remainder of the ])rigade all got in toward night, and were 
assigned to their places. The front of our lines was several 
mik^s from us. It was rumored that we were to have dress 
parade twice a day and roll-call five times. The boys thought 
that was rather tough on us. 

The following day, June 8, 1864, was spent in fixing up our 
(|uarters, arranging our tents and prepai'ing to have a good 
time while we stayed. Rations were issued to us in the morning 
and in the evening, and Ave were told that it Avas to do us foi- 
four days. We had dress parade about 5 p. m., for the firsi 
time for over a month. Orders Avere receiA'ed to have dress 
parade twice each day and roll-call fiA^e times as long as Ave re- 
mained in camp. The boys thought our orders Avere a little 
tight, but they said orders Avere orders and must be obeyed. 
After roll-call in the evening Ave Avere quite surprised at receiv- 
ing orders to be ready to move at 6 o'clock in the morning, 
reveille at 8 o'clock. Some had gone to considerable trouble 
fixing up their cpiarters, and felt sorry to leaA'e them so soon. 
l)ut the regrets Avere soon forgotten in the anxiety to know Avluit 
the next move Avould be. 

June 9, 1864, reveille at 8 o'clock, roll-call, and the usual 
excitement attendant preparatory to a move. After an early 
breakfast, we eonnnenced getting ready to moA'e out, Avhen A\'e 
Avere surprised again l)y hearing the marching orders counter- 
manded, so Ave got to stay another day in camp. During the 
day Ave had dress parade tAvice and roll-call fiA'e times. There 
Avas no chance to be absent from camp then. 

We had a visit from some of our old friends in the Twenty- 
third Indiana, and they spent a nice time Avith us. 



102 History of flic Eighiij-First l\i(ji)ncnt, 



CHAPTER XIT. 

BRIGADIER GENERAL KIRBY — MORE OF THE GEORGIA CAMPAIGN. 

On June 10, 1864, General Kirby took connnand of our 
brigade. About 7 o'clock the bugles were blown to strike tents. 
As we had been expecting it we were not surprised. We were 
soon in line, and shortly after moved out from our pleasant 
camp and took the road toward Marietta. It was a very 
pleasant morning. When we had inarched a few miles our 
advance came in contact with the enemy, and skirmishing 
eonniienced very lively at the start. Our brigade was in the 
advance of our division. AVe drove the enemy some distance 
till we came in sight of their camps, then halted, but kept up 
skirmishing till night set in. AVe bivouacked for the night 
where we halted. Some of our regiments threw up fortifications 
during the day. AVe had heavy rains, with thunder and light- 
ning, which made it very disagreeable. We remained in the 
same place until 9 o'clock the next morning, June 11, 1864. AVe 
then changed position to the right and remained until sundown, 
when we were ordered to advance through our works about a 
half-mile and form; we then threw up another line of fortifica- 
tions. The boys worked well into the night on our works. AA^e 
had learned the trade of making breastworks by this time. 
This was a bad night for work, as it rained, all night. Being- 
so close to the enemy, we could build no fires. The rain was 
very cold for this time of the year. 

On June 12, 1864, we remained in the same position behind 
our works all day, with the rain pouring down upon us. which 
made it very disagreeable in the trenches. Our skirmishers 
in front ke]>t up a heavy firing along the whole line, doing and 
receiving considerable damage, as quite a numlier were wounded 
on both sides. As no orders were received looking toward a 
change of position, we fixed ourselves as comfortable as A\'e coukf 
for the night. It rained hard all night. 

The next morning, June 18, 1864, still found us in a da)np 
condition, but in good spirits. Our skirmishers kent bang- 
ing away all night. There appeared no let up to the rain, but 
it lasted until 5 p. m.. when the clouds broke up and it cleared 
off, which made us all feel glad. It was the same old routine 
during the day, and we prepared ourselves to remain another 
night. 



IitdidiKi VdUiiid < f liifiudfy, 1861-1S65. ' 103 

The next iiiorniiii:, June 14-. lS(i4, fouiul us in the same 
position behind our woiks. I>ui'in,u- tlie day tliere was heavy 
ii<»hting on our U4"t. About '1 \). in. we received orders to strike 
tents and ^et ready to move. We did it very (|uiekly. and were 
soon in line ready to move in any direction. We remained in 
line for nearly two hours, expecting; to move at any moment, but 
orders to move did not come till 4 o'clock^ and then the order 
w^as to i)ut u)) our tents ajiain. In a short time most of the 
regiments had their tents up. Some of the boys did not put 
up any. as they believed we would yet move. The tents were 
hardly up, however, before orders came to take them down atrain. 
and prepare to move at once. We then moved through our 
works, and marched by the left Hank for a mile, and then faced 
to the front and went forward about a (juarter of a mile. Our 
front was protected by a heavy line of skirmishei-s. who had 
their hands full, but they finally drove the enemy back. We 
then took up a new position and foi-tified it in double-quick 
time, as we expected the enemy to assault us. They were very 
strong in front of us, and had given us considerable trouble 
during the aftei'uoon. AVe were in position in front of Pine 
Mountain. Big Shanty Station, on the railroad, was off to our 
left. We were near the center of our line of battle. We re- 
mained near our works, waiting an attack, but night came with- 
out bringing further trouble. The boys who were not detailed 
for picket made ])reparations for a night's rest, hoping not to be 
disturbed till morning. June 15, 1864. 

We-were up at daylight next nun-ning, and very nuich ])leased 
to find the enemy had abandoned their position on the top of 
Pine Mountain, and had gone. We had breakfast in a hurry 
and started in pursuit, passing through their works, which we 
found very strong. Their position was a good one, and of con- 
sideral)le im])ortance to us as a signal station, being in the center 
and considerably advanced between Kenesaw Mountain and Lost 
Mountain. Shortly aftei" we entered their works one of our 
boys found a reb sound asleep. His slumbers were rudely dis- 
turbed by one of the boys prodding his baj'onet through his 
haversack and informed him to get up and go North. He said 
the enemy fell back during the night, but he was too tired and 
sleepy to go with them. He also said a piece of shell from the 
Fiftli Indiana battery had killed (ieneral Polk; that Polk, 
Hardee and Johnson were standing close together when the 
shell exploded, hitting Polk. This we heai'd was afterward con- 
firmed by captured officei's who came into our lines and gave 
themselves up. It was said that (General Sherman was riding 
along the line in the afternoon, and when passing our brigadi' 
he noticed a group of officers on the mountain top, and ordered 
Captain Simonson, connnanding the Fifth Indiana Battery, 



104 Kistory of the EigliUj-First Regiment, 

to throw a shell at them to disperse them. It was done, and 
that shot cansed many a sad heart in the enemy's ranks and 
among men both North and South. General Polk, no doubt was 
a good man, but, like the rest of the leaders of the Confederate 
Army, he took up the wrong cause when he drew his sword 
against his country. It would have been better for himself and 
the whole country had he remained a minister of the Gospel, as 
he was before the war. The enemy had one line of breastworks 
which was very strong, strong enough, in fact, to bid defiance to 
shot and shell. From the work done it looked like they never 
intended to leave them without a hard struggle, but a high 
knob something over half a mile from their main line rendered 
their works of but little use to them. They could not stand the 
shells that were hurled at them from our batteries the evening 
before from the north, east and west; in fact, most of the firing 
was in short rifle range east and west, so as to enfilade them and 
cut them out, but they fell back under cover of night. We 
maneuvered on the field until 5 p. m., with considerable skirmish- 
ing going on in our front, which caused a great deal of excite- 
ment among the boys. The country all around Avas heavily 
wooded and interspersed with undergrowth. We all had anxious 
looks as we gazed through the dark woods in our front, expect- 
ing to see the enemy's column advancing toward us. We were 
formed in double-line columns at half distance, our whole divi- 
sion being formed in the same way. In a short time orders were 
received to move forward, with a heavy line of skirmishers in 
(mr front. Soon the balls of the enemy were flying around us. 
Our skirmish line pushed the enemy's skirmishers back to their 
first line of works, and we followed close behind them until 
within a few hundred yards of the same, when we reformed our 
lines and were ordered to throw up breastworks quickly. The 
underbrush was very thick, making it almost impossible to see 
a man a hundred yards away. While throwing up breast- 
works, Lafayette Walker, of Company C, was killed. He was a 
new man in the regiment, but was a good soldier and well- 
liked by his comrades. He was the only man killed in our 
division, but three others were wounded. There was heavy 
fighting on our left. General Macpherson had carried a high 
hill on our left by assault, capturing a thousand prisoners. Just 
liefore dark the Fifth Indiana Battery took up its, position in 
oui- front, and during the night sent a good many shells toward 
the enemy's works. All night long our skirmish lines kept up 
a heavy fire. We slept upon our arms behind our works. As 
we were kept pretty busy during the day, we were very tired 
and glad to rest. During the night the battery was moved 
further to tlie fi'ont and very close to the enemy's works and 
continued to slu'll them. 



. Indiana Volunlccr Jtifdiitrij, 1S61-1865. 105 

The next morning', June 16, 18()1, we were up early and had 
a hasty breakfast, the enemy still firin^i' lively in our front. On 
the skirmish line the firing was heavy. Our position was on a 
large hill. It was covered with a heavy growth of pines, and 
the underbriish was as thick as the hair on a dog's back. Our 
brigade was on the front line, with our regiment in the rear. 
Wood's division of our corps was in the rear of us. The 
skirmishers were busy, and the artillery kept shelling the woods. 
Along in the afternoon the enemy opened a battery on us and 
shelled our works, but the boys laid low. No one was hurt in 
the regiment except Lieutenant Hargis, of Company 0, whD 
was wounded in the right arm by a piece of shell. At 6 p. ni. 
Captain Simonson, of the Fifth Indiana Battery, who was chief 
of artillery in our division, was killed while directing the fire 
of his guns on the skirmish line. He was shot by one of the 
enemy's sharpshooters. His death was a great loss to our army. 
and we felt at that time that 'most anybody else could be spared 
but him. At night we received orders to lay down and be ready 
to move at any moment, but we lay all night in the same position. 

In the morning, June 17, 1864, we were np before daylight. 
The first thing we heard was that the enemy had fallen back, so 
we moved into their works at the peep of day and found every- 
thing cleaned out, nothing left behind but the works. The trees 
for a great distance around their works in the rear were con- 
siderably cut up and marked by our balls and shells. One oak 
tree in particular was s])lit right through by one of our solid 
shots. Limbs of trees lay in all directions. We remained in 
their works until -4 p. m., when we were relieved by a brigade 
from Wood's division, our brigade having been in the advance 
since we left our camp at Acworth. We I'etired to the rear and 
bivouacked for the night. 

On June 18, 1864, we were ordered np at '-l p. m. AVe had a 
hui'ried breakfast, as orders were received during the night to 
advance at daylight and support Newton's Division. At sun- 
rise we moved out, and in a short time heavy firing commenced 
along our whole front. According to previous arrangements, 
Newton's Division .charged and cap.tured another line of the 
enemy's Avorks. The enemy fell back to another line, about 
two or three hundred yards in the rear of the one taken, and 
made another stand, both sides keeping up a heavy firing with 
small arms, the artillery occasionally joining in. During the 
Ughiing the rain came down in torrents and kept it up the entire 
day, but the boys were all in ])i'etty good spirits. We bivouacked 
for the night in line of battle. 

The next morning, June 19, 1864. was Sunday. When Ave 
got up Ave found the enemy had left their Avorks in the night. 
About 8 o'clock Ave started to hunt them up. AVhen Ave had 



106 JUalotij of ih< Eif/lih/'Firsf Iicyifnoif, 

marched about two miles, our advance came upon llieir skir- 
mishers, and hard work connnenced at once. AVe kept i)ressin^- 
them and they fe'il back slowly until about dark, when operations 
ceased. It rained hard all the morning and the boys were wet 
from head to foot. It was impossible to keep dry, as we had to 
march through such a dense growth of underbrush that was 
saturated Avith water. We remained where we halted and 
bivouacked for the night. 

On June 20, 1864, shortly after daylight, we moved about one 
mile to the right and relieved a brigade of Hooker's Corps. 
Just before we moved we had one man wounded by a stray 
ball. He belonged to Company A. Stray balls did considerable 
damage in the way of wounds, in a great many cases ending in 
death. 

When we relieved Hooker's Brigade we commenced to throw 
up temporary breastworks, as we did not know how long we 
were going to remain. Our position was on a high hill. In our 
innnediate front the enemy occupied another hill several 
hundred yards away. They also had ritle pits a short distance 
in advance of their works, and troubled us a great deal while 
we were throwing up our works. Our breastworks had a 
gradual slope or decent to the left on the side of the hill that Ave 
occupied. A short distance in front of us was a small curtain of 
timber, in which our skirmishers were posted behind trees. Be- 
yond that was a clear open field in our innnediate front, with 
a stream of water pouring through it in the shape of the letter S 
several times repeated. About four hundred yards in front of 
our brigade was the high hill occupied by the enemy. On our 
left was a dense woods on low ground. The Thirty-first 
Indiana joined on our left and occupied the lowest ground 
on our brigade line. The formation of our lines at this 
point was rather singular. It was in the shape of a horse- 
shoe, the bend to the rear of our brigade, we occupying the bend 
of the shoe, while the brigades on our right and left occupied 
the sides of the shoe further advanced. The hill occupied by the 
enemy projected into us, thereby ])reventing our brigade from 
forming a line parallel with the brigade on our right and left. 
There was heavy firing all day betw^een our skirmishers and the 
enemy's rifle pits, varied every few moments with shells from 
the enemy's battery in our front. A great many of our boys on 
the skirmish lines were wounded, some pretty badly. About 
3 p. m. orders were received for our skirmishers to move forward 
and clear the hill in our front of the enemy's rifle pits. Com- 
panies A, B, C and H of our regiment were detailed to support 
them. Shortly after the orders was given we formed in line 
in the rear of our skirmishers, in the curtain of timber, just 
outside of our breastworks. As soon as the command was given 



I iidUnm V(iln)iii( r I iifunlrij, 1861-1865. 1(17 

we moved forward. We were hardly outside of the timber and 
in the open field, in full view of the enemy, before the bullets 
eonnneneed to play lively on lis, but we moved forward as 
(piiekly as the nature of the ^i-ound would permit us to do. 
It was i-aininii- hard at tlie time. When we had reached a short 
distanet' in front. Company B was deployed as skirmishers to 
fill up a gap on the left of the advancing line. As we moved 
forward to a dense thicket of timber and undergrowth, right in 
front of us, we had to wade up to our waists through a creelc 
to reach the timber. As soon as we got there our boys posted 
themselves behind trees and eonnneneed pouring in a heavy 
fire toward the enemy's works. It was here we met with our 
first casualty. Josei)h Kenner, of Company B, was shot through 
the left thigh and badly wounded, just as he stei)i)ed out of the 
water and was running for a tree. We placed him in as safe a 
place as we could find, behind a large log, which protected him 
from any bullets that might come in that direction. For a 
while the enemy fired shells at short range that bursted over 
our heads and cut the limbs of the trees, which fell about us. 
There appeared to be no place of safety anywhere. The left 
of our lines were in a more exposed position than we, as they 
were on open ground, studded here and there with dead ti-ees, 
all of which they took advantage of at times. The noise was 
terrible from guns and cannons, bursting shells and the shouts 
of the men. We were very close to the enemy's works, but could 
not see a man about them, although their firing never ceased. 
We remained in our position several hours, but could not go 
any further, as our force was not strong enough. AYe had 
captured their rifle pits, took several prisoners and held our 
ground so far. Toward evening our annuunition eonnneneed to 
give out, and the boys kept calling for more. Some of them Avere 
very near the enemy's works, but after a short time we were 
compelled to retreat, our ammunition giving out, and we fell back 
behind our works. A heavy lire wa.s kept up on the enemy from 
our picket line, which kept the enemy in cheek till we received 
a sui)ply of cartridges, and then our killed and wounded were 
l)rought in — all but Joseph Kenner. AVe felt sorry to leave him 
behind, but it was impossible to get him away at that time, 
liain fell nearly all the time the fight was in progress, which 
made it very disagreeable for us, but to the wounded men it was 
a blessing. Although we were driven back we accomplished 
what we were ordered to do. We drove the enemy out of their 
rifle pits, captured several prisoners, took the hill the enemy 
held and held it for three hours, but we were not reinforced, our 
annuunition gave out, and under the circumstances it was im- 
]>ossible to hold the place any longer. The enemy had eight 
pieces of artillery ]ilaying on our lines, which threw solid 



108 History of ike Eighty-First iieyimoit, 

shot, shell and cannister, and at the same time had been rein- 
forced. Our loss in this day's fight was one killed and fifteen 
Avonnded. Company H lost Hiram McCane, shot through th(; 
heart, killing him instantly. 

Rations were issued to us after dark, and after supper we 
lay down, -wet, tired and sleepy. There was heavy firing on the 
picket line until after the middle of the nig'ht. It then ceased 
to some extent, but they still kept up an occasional firing to 
remind us that they were still there and of what we might ex- 
pect ou the morrow. On account of the firing the boys did not 
get the rest they should have had after their hard day's work, 
l)ut they seemecl a little refreshed and were up before daylight. 
On June 21, as the clay began to break, the firing on the picket 
line commenced ciuite briskly and continued until about 12 
o'clock, when we were ordered to fall in and get ready to assault 
the hill we took and lost June 20. A heavy fire was opened 
on the enemy's rifle pits, while a strong skirmish line moved 
forward quickly under cover of the fire, and were within a few 
liundred yards of the rifle pits before the enemy saAV us. They 
made a feeble resistance. Our boys kept on going and gained 
the pits, some of the enemy retreating back to their works, 
while about twenty of them surrendered and were brought into 
our lines. As soon as our skirmishers had captured the pits and 
taken the hill our whole brigade moved forward, regiment after 
regiment, to their support. It was a grand sight to see them as 
they moved forward on the double-quick, with cheers and colors 
flying to the music of shot and shell, the enemy's fire at this 
time was very heavy and mostly at short range. Our skirmishers 
and pioneers advanced to the brow of the hill and commenced to 
throw up works. The enemy had their gnus so well trained on 
the hill that every shot told with effect. Trees were felled and 
rolled by our boys to the top of the hill, while others were behind 
them with shovels to throw up dirt against them to make the 
first foundations for breastworks. For a while it seemed as if 
the enemy would have their own way, for as soon as a log reached 
the brow of the hill a shot from the enemv would Avhirl it back 
again, but with all this our boys soon had good breastworks 
spi-ineing up right in front of them. The work was done under 
Ibe hottest fire we had been in yet, shot and shell actually 
raining over the rise of the hill. Several of our men were killed 
and wounded before the works were half done. Elijah Dome, 
of Company K had his head taken clean off by a solid shot just 
as he raised his head to look over a log he was assisting to i-oll 
u]) to its place. 

As soon as they were completed each reuiment moved into its 
place in line behind the works. The batterv boys got a good 
position for their guns and soon began to make it lively for the 



Iiidiaiui \'()lutiUcr I)ifaiitry, lSUl-186'). 109" 

enemy. A heavy iiiusket fire was also kept up on them, as we 
were then only a few hundred yards from their main line of 
works. As our guns were doing good work, we kept them pretty 
quiet. Rain fell all day, but the boys w^ere used to that. Most 
of the companies worked on their breastworks far into the 
night, making them still stronger. 

That was considered by the boys to be about the hottest day's 
fight that our regiment had been in yet. The regiment had two 
men killed and eleven wounded, one mortally. 

On the morning of June 22, we were up early and at work 
on our breastworks again, making them as nearly shell-proof as 
we could. It was Avell that Ave did so, for about 4 p. m. the enemy 
opened on us with several batteries and shelled us for nearly an 
hour, our batteries replied vigorously. During that time the 
noise of the cannons and screech of the shells as they passed 
over us was terrible, and made us hug our works closely. We 
expected the enemy were going to charge us, but we "were pre- 
pared for them. The w-ay our batteries were placed was ex- 
cellent. A space large enough for a gun Avas dug into the hili 
and just deep enough to bring the mouth of the cannon on a 
level with the top of the hill, this protected the whole gun and 
the gunners were not exposed. Every gun w^as placed in the 
same manner. It Avas almost impossible for the enemy's fire to 
dislodge them. 

The men of Company B felt anxious as to the fate of poor 
Jo Kenner, so his friends and conn-ades in the company Avere 
detei-mined to learn his fate, believing that he Avas still alive 
and on the field. Just after daylight Lieutenant Schell called 
for volunteers to go out on our front line to see if he was still 
Avhere they left him when the enemy drove them back. Several 
volunteered to go. Tavo of his most intimate friends were chosen 
and started out. Our picket line Avas not as far advanced as it 
was on the evening of our first day's fight, so they told the boys 
on picket to let them pass through the lines. In a fcAV moments 
they returned on the double-quick, bringing the joyful news that 
he A\'as found and alive. The greatest excitement prevailed 
among the boj's, and his Avhole company, to a man, Avanted to ga 
out after him. Four men Avere immediately sent AAnth a stretcher 
to bring him in, and in a short time returned, carrying poor Jo. 
He Avas greatly changed and almost gone. Hot cofTee and 
Avhisky Avere given him and his hands and face Avere Avashed, 
and he said he felt like a ncAv man again. The company felt 
ha])py and relieA-ed in mind that Jo Avas alive and Avith them 
again. He said that after aa'c Avere driA'en back, the enemy's 
pickets took the log Avhere he Avas laid Avhen Avounded and used 
it for their breastAvorks. He begged them to moA^^ him to a 
place of safety, as he Avas in danger of being struck by balls 



110 Ilisforij of file EijjJifij-First Regiment, 

from our ^uns, Init they would not do it. He laid there two 
nights and one day without any shelter or anything to eat or 
drink, they having taken his canteen, haversack and two 
blankets. He begged them for a drink of water, but they would 
not give him even that. He was indeed happy to be with his 
friends again. AVhen he told us of his bitter treatment by the 
enemy, we all felt that no mercy should be shown them. Poor 
Jo was sent to the hospital, as his wound needed immediate 
attention. We all bade him farewell and wished him a safe 
journey and quick recovery. He was sent to Chattanooga, where 
he died in a few weeks. 

AVe remained close to our works all day. The fire from the 
enemy's batteries was pretty regular, and at times lively. We 
remained in the works all night. 

June 23, 1864, shortly after breakfast, we were relieved by a 
brigade from the Fourteenth Army Corps. We felt rejoiced at 
the chance to get away from the place that had caused us so 
much trouble for the last few days. We were soon in line and 
marched out to the right, bidding farewell to a place that none 
of us are likely to forget as long as we live. We marched some 
two or three miles and took a position on the ground where 
Hooker's Corps fought the day before and was repulsed. As 
soon as our lines were formed and shortly after our arms were 
stacked, orders came to fall in, leave our knapsacks to a detail 
to guard them and be ready to move. Our regiment was detailed 
as skirmishers for the brigade. Half the regiment was moved 
forward in connnand of the major while the balance was held 
in reserve. Our skirmishers were soon engaged and the firing 
was quite heavy. In a short time the reserve was ordered up, 
and the whole line moved forward under a heavy fire, which 
lasted until 4 p. m. Our artillery then opened on the enemy 
with shot and shell for half an hour; then ceased. Our skir- 
mishers were ordered to move forward on the double-quick. 
Avhich was done, taking their rifle pits and three prisoners. The 
foi-mation of the ground at this place was a succession of rolling 
hills or ridges heavily timbered and with considerable under- 
growth. On the top of the ridge which we charged the enemy 
had rit^e pits, and away .in their rear, on another ridge, were 
their reguhir bi'eastworks. Our whole division was in this 
charge, our l)i'igade sup]iorting oui" regiment. As soon as we 
reached the toj) of the ridge our ivgimeiit scattered, getting be- 
hind trees and occujiying the ])its which the enemy had left. It 
was not safe to be exposed a moment, as we were in full view of 
the enemy's breastworks. A good-sized tree was in demand and 
had from one to three men behind it. While we were engaged 
in skirmishing our brigade had not been idle; they soon had a 
line of works under wav. At night our regiment was relieved 



h)(li<nia VoJiiiilrfr Iiifdiilrj/. J^61-1S65. Ill 

and went hack to the seeoiul line of works that had been i)ut 
up while we were on the skirmish line. Late in the night onr 
commissary arrived with rations, whieh were issned to the boys, 
who were abnost too tired and sleepy to s<> after them. Tliey 
were too glad to get a chance to lay down to rest, if not to sleep, 
after such a hard and exciting day's work. We had been up to 
this time twelve days on the front line, and we had lost in the 
regiment since we left Ooltewah, Tenn, fifty-seven, killed and 
wounded, the greater part of them being lost to ns during the 
last four days' fighting. 

On June 24, 18B4, we remained all day behind our sevei'al 
lines of works. We had to keep pretty close to them, as stray 
balls were continually tiying over us, making it unsafe to move 
very far from them. The nature of the ground in our front 
and rear w^as one ridge after another. Our second line of works 
was at the foot of a ridge, while our front line was a few hundred 
yards from us on the brow of the ridge. Beyond that the 
ground deceuded to a hollow and rose again, foi-ming anotlier 
ridge, on the brow of whieh was the enemy's works. Judging 
from the direction of the shots that passed over our v/orks, it 
was plain most of them came from the enemy's sharpshooters 
posted in trees in the rear of their works, which gave them a 
good view of our lines. Directly after dark we received orders 
to fall in. In a few moments we moved out to the Tiont line of 
A\(u-ks and relieved the Twenty-first and Thirty-eiubth I"inois 
I'egiments of our brigade. The regiments had to be relieved at 
night, as they were not exposed to view as they would be in day- 
time. It Avas considered a risky undertaking going and coming 
from the front line, but it was done by keeping down low^ ana 
moving out or in as quickly as possible. A constant firing was 
kept up all night by our advance pickets, and returned as 
vigorously by the enemy's pickets. We remained behind our 
front line, keeping pretty close. The day was warm and clear. 
After dark our regiment was relieved by the Ninetieth Ohio 
and we returned to oui* second line of works. After getting our 
supper we ti'ied to get some rest. 

Lieutenant John Schwallier, of Company B, returned on the 
twenty-fourth. He was detailed while the regiment was at 
b^dgefield, Tenn., to c(mnnand the men from our regiment to 
compose the Pioneer Corps. He was gone some eighteen months. 
The Lieuteiumt was given a hearty welcome by both his eom- 
])any and the regiment. 

On June 25, ISH-i, we remained all day l)ehin(l oni' second 
line of works, aiid we had to keep ourselves very close, for there 
appeared to be no diflt'erence between the front or rear lines, for 
it seemed that men w^ere wounded in the rear line as frequently 
as in the front. In fact, it was dangerous to stand up straight 



112 History of the Eight ij-First Eegiment, 

or step out a few paces to the rear of the trenches. No place 
was safe, but the best place was close to the works. We had 
men wounded while lying in their tents and cooking their meals. 

At daylight on the twenty-fifth,, the enemy sent in a flag 
of truce, telling us to move our dead, which was done, then 
the "yanks" and "rebs" met between the w^orks, and we gave 
them sugar and coffee for tobacco and cornmeal. "VVe also ex- 
changed papers. When dark came again our regiment fell in 
line and moved out for the front line of the works and re- 
lieved the One Hundred and First Ohio. AVe had the usual 
picket firing all night on our front. Being an every-day and 
night occurrence, none of the boys noticed it. 

In the morning of June 26, M-e were relieved by one of the 
regiments in the brigade, and we returned to the rear. We were 
surprised to find considerable commotion going on among the 
troops. We found regiments marching and forming in the rear 
of our brigade, and soon learned that Newton's Division of our 
corps and Davis' Division of the Fourteenth Army Corps were 
massing for a charge on the enemy's works in our front. The 
men looked serious, and with cause, for it was a serious under- 
taking. Mounted officers were riding in haste in all directions. 
Generals and other officers were congregated in groups talking 
about the attempt. Regiment after regiment commenced to 
move forward past us toward our front line of works, forming 
in close column by divisions behind the works and hills, hiding 
what was going on from the enemy, although the enemy were 
Avell aware of what was going on, because regiments and brigades 
were forming, marching and countermarching in the rear of 
our second line of works in full view of the enemy before they 
moved forward to take up their position. We noticed a woman 
marching with a Kentucky regiment alongside of the colors. 
She was plainly dressed and looked like she had been wnth the 
regiment for some time. We supposed her husband was with her. 
It looked sad to us indeed to see a woman at that time and 
place and under such circumstances. 

At 9 a. m., on June 27, 1864, the bugle sounded the charge 
and the men moved forAvard with yells and cheers, and the 
charge commenced. The balls came from the enemy qui1c 
lively, and as our regiment was inactive just then we could do 
nothing but lie low ; in fact, we had to do so to escape the balls 
that came in our direction. Wounded men commenced coming 
back from the front, and in a short time there was a constant 
stream of them. We noticed the woman that we saw go into 
the fight returning alongside of a stretcher in which was a 
Avounded man. She was crying. We M^ere told that it was her 
husl)and. who was the color-bearer of his regiment. He was 
wound(Ml almost as soon as the fisiht commenced. The fight 



Indiatid VoUoita r Jufdiitnj, 1861-1865. 113 

lasted only al)()ut ten minutes. Before it was over, our brigade 
was ordered forward to support Newtoii's Division. AVe were 
soon over and outside of our front works, niovin*; forward on the 
double-quick, but before goinu; very far we were ordered back 
a^rain to the front line of works, our rejiiment occupying? that 
part of the line that we were relieved from in the moi-nintr, the 
other retiiments of the bri^rade jroin^ back to the rear lines. 
Our bri<iade lost about sixty men and did not get to fire a gun. 
The reason was that in advancing to supi)ort Newton's Division, 
which was in fi-ont of us, owing to the situation of the ground, 
we were at times under fire and in the line of all stray balls 
that came toward us. The whole thing was a miserable affaii- 
and cost us nearly three thousand men. Our men charged right 
up to the enemy's works, some of them getting inside of the 
works, but the enemy \vere so well fortified and had strong 
abatis extending all along their front that it was impossible foi- 
a body of ti'oops to get to them. Toward evening, under a flag of 
truce, the enemy allowed us to remove our wounded to a place 
of safety, as they were in danger of being burned to death from 
the brush and leaves in the woods, but they would not allow 
our men to remove our dead. Shortly after dark our regiment 
was relieved and returned again to the second line of works. 

On June 28, we remained in our rear line of works all day. 
Kvery day so far had been about the same alternately from 
front to rear, each regiment taking its turn. A little before 
dark the enemy sent in a flag of truce, saying they would allow 
us until dark to cai'iy off our dead. Details were made in the 
regiments and sent forward to do the work. The smell over the 
field was terrible, as the dead had lain so long on the field. The 
enemy would not allow the guns and equipments of the dead to 
be removed by us. Firing was light on our front all day, but 
steady firing was kept up through the night. 

(ieneral Howard visited our front line wliik' our I'egiment 
was on duty. He kept down pretty low until he got into the 
trenches. When he sat down he asked who was connnanding 
the regiment; also what officer had charge of the picket line. He 
had him called in and wanted to know why all this constant 
firing was kept up. He ordered it stopped, as it was a great 
waste of annnunition. He ordered that no shooting should be 
done iniless something was seen to shoot at oi' an advance made 
by the enemy, or uidess the enemy was seen strengthening their 
works. He was accompanied by a stafl' officer whom he called 
Charles. He remained but a short time with us. H(» tcx^k a 
careful peep over our Avorks at the enemy's lines, and having 
satisfied himself he retired as he came. The boys were con- 
siderably surprised at his visit, as it was rather an unusual thing 
to see a general officer at the extreme front. We saw General 



114 History of iJie Eighty-First Regiment, 

Howard, though, at different times on this campaign, well up 
with our skirmish line, on several occasions, and one time in 
particular he went in advance of it and came very near being 
gobbled up, only saving himself by some of the hardest riding 
a cavalry man ever made to the rear. After he visited us we 
had more quiet times at the front than we had before. The 
enemy seemed to adopt the same tactics, and there was not half 
as much firing as formerly between us. On the morning of June 
29, 1864, we took our usual turn on the front line. Our boys 
and the rebs were on the most friendly terms that day, and the 
spectacle presented itself of two hostile lines, opposite each 
other and not a shot exchanged. Large numbers on both sides 
met together in a large field between our picket lines and seemed 
to have a pleasant time. Sugar and coffee were exchanged for 
tobacco and cornmeal. All were glad on both sides, no doubt, 
for a cessation of hostilities, as it gave us a chance to stretch our 
limbs, and walk upright, a pleasure we had not known for many 
weary days and nights. It was a strange and pleasant feeling 
to walk up and down outside the trenches without being shot 
at. Some thought the truce should not be allowed, as it gave 
the enemy a chance to view our works and arrange a place of 
attack. 

During the night the enemy attempted a charge on our 
lines, but the boys were ready for them and they were soon 
driven back. For a while the small guns and cannons made 
things hum, Init in a short time quiet reigned in our front with 
the exception of a stray shot now and then, but it made every- 
body wide awake while it lasted. It was reported that the 
enemy retreated as soon as they started on the charge, as they 
lost considerable in the attempt. The place they made the 
charge was only about seventy yards from their works to ours 
and all open ground. On our right in Davis' Division, the 
works were so close together that they got to throwing stones 
over the works at each other. Several men were-badly bruised, 
by being struck with stones thrown by the enemy, and had to 
be sent to the hospital. 

On the following morning, June -SO, about 3 o'clock, Davis' 
men having filled a number of cracker boxes and barrels with 
dirt for the purpose of advancing on their lines, rolled them 
to within thirty yards of the enemy's works. When they Avere 
discovered a pretty severe fight took place, which aroused our 
entire line. As we were not aware of what was going on at 
the time, and judging that the enemy were making another 
advance on us, we opened fire from oui; works, and for about an 
hour the noise of musketry was terrific, but as both sides were 
safely ensconced behind breastworks very little damage was 
done. It was, however, ((uite a scare to both sides. 



I)i(Ji(iH(i Vdlunhrr Jiif(i)iinj, 1861-186r>. 115 

Diirinu' the i-eHiaiiider of tlie day our men and the I'ebs in 
our innnediate front were on friendly terms, the pickets agree- 
ing among themselves not to fire on each othei-. While we were 
enjoying peace opposite each other, it was not so on our right 
between Davis' Division and the enemy. In his part they Avere 
so close together that the men could not raise their heads to 
shoot, but had to resort to various devices to pass their balls to 
the rebs, one of whieh was to sit with their backs against their 
works toward the enemy and hold their guns pointing to the 
enemy's works. A small ])iece of looking-glass Avas attached 
to their guns back of the trigger, and whenever they saw an 
object moving in front of the glass they fired at it. But it w^as 
too close for both sides, and this condition of affairs could not 
last long. 

The next morning, July 1, after Davis had his little skirmish 
with the enemy, the enemy as well as our own men were quietly 
engaged in strengthening their Avorks, ])eing in full view of each 
other and only about 200 yards apart, and not a gun was fired 
from either side. It was certainly a singular spectacle aftei- 
the encounter they had the day before. Yet both sides watched 
each other closely. 

Our boys were beginning to feel pretty tired of their situ- 
ation and thought they ought to be relieved, and allowed to go 
back to the rear out of the sound of guns for a few days or weeks. 
Up to that time our regiment had been up at the extreme front 
line for twenty-two days, being under constant fire both night 
and day, with the exception of an occasional truce before men- 
tioiied. 

Early the next morning, July 2, onr batteries opened out on 
the enemy, and continued for about two hours to drive into them 
a large amount of shells and solid shot. Then all became quiet 
again. 

Oui" Adjutant Jocelyn having resigned. Sergeant Gallagher, 
of Com])any B, was duly elected in his place. 

During the afternoon we were all taken by suri)rise by the 
resignation of our major, W. J. Kichai'ds. The boys felt sorry 
to lose him, but he said he was compelled to act as he did, as he 
could not get a leave of absence and his mother was at the point 
of death; so he bid us all good-bye and then left for "Ood's 
country," as the boys called it. 

Major Kichards came to our regiment from the Thirty-eighth 
Indiana before the battle of Stone Rivei- and Avas appointed 
captain of Company IT. and in the couse of time became nuijor. 

Shortly after dark orders came to fall in quickly and move. 
This Avas the tenth day that Ave had occupied this piece of ground 
alternately from front to rear, and Ave Avere not sorry to leaA'e it. 
although it had associations connected with it. both ])leasant and 



116 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

sad, which we never would forget. We moved to the left about 
half a mile and took up our position behind works previously 
held by Newton's division of our corps. Moving after dark into 
strange quarters made it unpleasant for us. Pickets were sent 
out shortly after we got there. We noticed that we were only 
a single line, nothing in front or rear of us, so it was talked 
among the boys before we lay down that Old Billy Sherman was 
stretching his lines as far as he could so as to get around Jo 
Johnson (flanking as usual). 

At daylight the next morning, Sunday, July 3, 1864, we were 
considerably astonished to learn from our pickets, who had just 
come during the night, that the enemy had disappeared during 
the night. We were glad of it, for we were tired fighting so long 
in one spot. 

After breakfast, about 7 o 'clock, we got orders to march, and 
soon started out in pursuit of the enemy. A march of a few 
hundred yards brought us to the breastworks which they had 
defended so long and well. The works were very strong and 
well built. Some of their rifle pits were built of hewed logs 
matched together in a V shape the point of the V toward us, 
with a narrow opening to shoot through. It seemed impossible 
that any of our balls could harm any one behind them. The 
whole front of their works were protected by abatis well laid, 
which proved plainly why our men failed in the charge on June 
22. It was a wonder they got as far as they did. We halted for 
a few moments for inspection, and then hurried forward. We 
soon reached the town of Marietta, which was two miles from 
our first line of works. The approach to the town was very fine. 
We were glad to see houses again, it being some time since we 
had seen any. Our line of march brought us straight through 
the Military College, where General Sherman taught school 
many years ago. We entered the place by the back garden, 
marched right through the main hall of the building. We sup- 
pose that the Fourth Army Corps did the same. As we went 
through, a good many of the men went up stairs and took a view 
from the cupola. We wondered what Ceneral Sherman thought 
to see his boys marching through his old school house, but time 
makes wonderful changes, and it did most emphatically with 
General Sherman. We did not tarry long, but pushed ahead. 
Marietta was a nice-looking town, the houses mostly surrounded 
with gardens, and the general appearance was good. It seemed 
to be a fine ])lace to live in during times of peace. 

After going a short distance our advance came up with the 
enemy and heavy skirmishing connnenced immediately, the 
enemy gradually falling back to a line of earthworks, which they 
seemed to have every few miles. We camped in line of battle. 
AVe were then within sixteen miles of Atlanta. 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-186'). 117 

After we went into camp, and sliortly after supper, a meet- 
ing of officers of the regiment was held for the purpose of 
electing a major in place of Richards, resigned, which resulted 
in the election of Captain O. P. Anderson, of Company K. 

About midnight nearly all the i-egiment was aroused by a 
squad of mules dashing through the tents, ci-eating a big ex- 
citement for a short time, some thiid<ing tliat the enemy's cav- 
alry was charging down on us. When the l)oys got wide awake 
and found out what the ti'ouble was they liad a good laugh and 
crawled back into their tents to finish their nap. We were up 
early the next morning, which was the glorious Fourth of July, 
1864. The morning was bright and clear, but warm. Pearly as 
it was, the day Avas being celel)rated by oui- pickets on the skir- 
mish line constantly fii'ing, which in a short time increased to 
a pretty lively fire all along our lines. Our artillei-y joini'd in 
sending Iheir compliments in honor of the day. This was con- 
tinued till noon, and then our skirmishers were advanced on the 
double quick toward the enemy's rifle pits, which they captured, 
the enemy falling back to their works. Our regiment was 
ordered forAvard on a double quick to take a position near our 
skirmishers and to support them. While advancing on the run 
we were exposed to the flanking fire of the enem\', but we 
reached our position. losing in the action one man killed and five 
wounded. We crossed an open field in full view of the enemy's 
works on our right flank, when they shelled us. We got over the 
field pretty lively, down to a ditch and came up on the other side, 
where we connnenced to throw up works. Some of our boys had 
narrow escapes. The enemy threw a shell close to us, and it was 
a wonder that more of us Avere not hit when it exploded. It 
looked exactly like the pictures we have seen of shells bursting, 
but lasted only for an instant. We were indeed fortunate to 
escape so well. It was the hottest and noisest Fourth of July 
we ever saw or ever expect to see. Those who were there will 
never forget it. AVe remained behind our works all night. 

On the morning of the fifth we found that the enemy had 
retreated during the night. In a short time we were moving 
forward after them. We mai-ched on the railroad track and 
finally reached the Chattahoochee River, which the enemy had 
crossed during the night, posting their pickets on the other side. 
When we reached the river we turned to the left and went into 
camp on a ridge close by the river and posted oui" pickets along 
the bank. In a short time the pibkets connnenced to exchange 
compliments by shooting at one another. 



118 Ilistonj of tJic EigJity-First Begimvni, 



CHAPTER XIII. 

THE ADVANCE ON ATLANTA. 

Atlanta was our objective point, and was said to be some 
nine miles distant from here. Some of the boys went up on a high 
hill near our quarters and could see the city very plainly. Some 
signal corps officers were up there and with a glass could see 
men and women moving about the streets and sidewalks; also 
soldiers and wagons going in every direction. We could see long 
trains of wagons going on the run from the river on our right, 
that part being still held by the enemy. Everything seemed to 
be moving toward the city. Even if the city was only nine miles 
away, we were all of the opinion there would be considerable 
trouble to get there. If we were only there, we thought, the 
campaign would be over, and then for a glorious rest, for every- 
body was tired out. We had passed through a long, weary and 
exciting march to get that far and confidently looked for the end 
at Atlanta. At that time the weather was extremely warm, mak- 
ing one feel like doing nothing but hunting a cool place to 
sleep. There is no doubt but we marched and fought on just 
as warm days, but in the excitemeiit we did not feel it. 

On the sixth we remained in oiir camp, which was situated 
close to the railroad track, not far from the railroad bridge that 
the enemy destroyed Avhen falling back to the south side of the 
river. We were now on the extreme left ^^^ng of our army com- 
posed of Howard's Corps, Stanley's division and Graft's 
brigade. 

On the seventh we were still in camp. The boys spent the 
day in washing their clothes and cleaning up generally. As this 
was the first chance they had to do so for tvventy-seven days, it 
was hailed with joy, and for a short time we had a good, quiet 
rest, with but little picket duty and no fighting. The sound of 
the cannon was heard day and night, shelling the woods on the 
other side of the river. 

On the eighth we had inspection in the morning. The 
weather was still hot. 

On the ninth our artillery opened on a large force of the 
enemy, who were throwing up works opposite us on the other 
side of the river. There were fi,fty guns in all, and for about 
half an liour they kept up the heaviest bombardment we ever 
heard. 



hullana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 119 

Our rejiiuKMit was nearly worn out. Since we started on this 
campaign, from May 8 to July 10, 1864, our loss had been: Com- 
missioned officers wounded, three; non-eonmiissioned officers 
killed, two; wounded, eleven; privates killed, ten; wounded, 
fifty-six, making a total loss of eighty- two killed and wounded. 
Twenty-six men were sent back sick, who were lost for this cam- 
paign, making a grand total of 108 men, which was a pi'etty good 
percentage from a small i-egimenl. 

As there is always something doing on Sunday, this day 
was no exception to the rule, for at 11 o'clock the bugle sounded 
the general call, and in a short time afterward we were in line 
and on the march, having had a rest of four days in our pleasant 
camp. Rations Avere issued just as we were starting out. We 
hardly had time to get them. We moved out on a line with the 
river to the left. The weather was very warm, and at '-^ o'clock 
a heavy rain storm came on us, drenching us completely. We 
marched until sundown and went into camp. 

July 11 was another warm day, almost impossible for us to 
keep cool. Orders came in the afternoon to fix up our camp 
All hands were soon at work cleaning up and putting things in 
order. When the day was over and the boys were enjoying 
nature's sweet restorer— sleep— at 10 p. m. came orders to be 
ready to march at daylight. The boys said they were thankful 
that it was not midnight instead of daylight. 

On July 12 everybody was wide awake at 3 o'clock and 
bustling around to get breakfast. After breakfast, preparations 
were made for marching, and shortly after daybreak we moved 
in the same direction as the day before. In a short time we 
reached the river, and found a bridge of canvas pontoon boats 
laid to the other side. A¥e crossed over and found ourselves 
marching up some of the steepest hills or ridges that we had met 
with yet. We marched down the river several miles and took 
up a position on a very high ridge near Powei's' Feriy. The 
country as far as we could see consisted of high and sharp ridges, 
one after another. The one we were on seemed to be the tallest 
and steepest of all. The river lay at our back and at the foot 
of our ridge. It was quite a severe undertaking to go down the 
hill after water, and a great deal worse to climb back again. 
The brush that grew on the sides of the ridge served the purpose 
of pulling us \\\) to the top. Blackberries were plentiful in the 
neighborhood of our quarters, and we all had a chance to par- 
take of them. The river at our back was nsed for bathing pur- 
poses, which was quite refreshing during the warm weather, as 
it was not very deep near our camp, but ran very swift. AVe 
covered the regiment's front with breastworks soon after our 
arrival. 



120 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

On the tliii'teenth everything- remained qniet. We did not 
liear a shot. The weather was still hot, although we had every 
advantage to keep cool, being on top of such a high ridge, and 
the river at our back. The only objections we found was going 
to the river and climbing back again. Still, it was a great 
pleasure to slide down the hill, throw off our clothes and tunil)le 
into the river when we felt warm. 

On July 14, we still remained in our camp and everything 
was (juiet. Sergeant (xallagher was nnistered as adjutant of our 
regiment.' Shortly after dark we had a severe thunder storm 
which lasted about an hour and cooled the atmosphere a little. 

On the tifteenth all was still quiet in our front. The boys, 
that were off duty kept themselves and the rest of the boys sup- 
plied with blackberries, which were (juite abundant outside of 
camp. 

On July IH. we still held the camp on the ridge. There was 
nothing new outside of the regular routine we had every day. 
The weather was cooler and refreshing. Sunday, July 17, we 
were still in camp. In the morning a brigade was sent out to 
reconnoiter in our front. Two days' rations were issued in the 
evening, which, with the one on hand, made three. The boys 
thought this was a prospect of an early march. 

On July 18, the bugle sounded reveille at 3 o'clock. Every 
one was up and hurrying to get an early breakfast, striking tents 
and packing up. As usual, after staying in a place long enough 
to get used to it, we felt sorry to leave it, for we had spent some 
very pleasant hours there, hardly a shot being fired, and our 
bodies and minds felt grateful for the respite from the noise and 
carnage incident to fighting. 

At 6 o'clock the bugle blew forward, and we marched out on 
the road toward Atlanta. We marched but a few miles when we 
encountered the enemy's pickets, and skirmishing commenced 
at once, the enemy falling back gradually. We marched slowly 
until 2 p. m., when we bivouacked for the night. As we advanced 
from the river we found the country more open, and not so hilly 
or rough. It was rumored among the boys that we were about to 
flank the enemy out of Atlanta. 

On July 19, we remained in bivouac until 4 p. m.. Avheu we 
marched out, taking the road toward Atlanta, crossing Peach 
Tree Creek. We halted at sundown and threw up breastworks. 
We were in hills again, and some very rocky places. Heavy 
firing had been going on all day to our right, and from reports 
during the day it was expected that the enemy would attack us 
there. The weather was terriblv hoi. but we remained behind 
our works all night. 

On July 20. got ready early in the morning and moved at 
7 o'clock, takiim the road in the direction of Atlanta. The day 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 121 

was spent maneiiverinc; in the field, and just before dai-k our 
brigade formed a line of battle. At the same time there was 
heavy skirmishing and cannonading going on in the right front 
all day. A charge was made by our men during the night, and 
one hundred and ten ])risoners were captured. At 12 o'clock, 
orders came to be ready to move at any moment, as it was re- 
ported that the enemy were surrounded and might try to cut 
their way out. 

We remained here all night, and on the morning of -Inly 21, 
still found us in line of battle, where we remained all day. 
Heavy skirmishing was kept up day and night all along our 
front. During the evening we had rain. 

On the morning of July 22, we found that the enemy had 
fallen back dui'ing the night toward Atlanta. As soon as it was 
daylight we were in motion and pushing foi-ward after the 
enemy, l^^verything seemed deserted. There was no one about 
the houses that we passed. We moved forward to within half 
a mile of the enemy, when we found them strongly entrenched 
in a good position on the outskirts of the city. After maneuver- 
ing awhile to get into a position, our batteries took up a position 
on several hills on the right of the road we were marching on. 
We formed in line of battle and moved forward through some 
heavy timber and thick underbrush. The imdergi'owth was so 
thick that we could not see the regiment on our right. AVliile 
we were maneuvering around, several shells and solid shot passetl 
over our heads, the enemy desiring to find out if we were in the 
woods. The boys' mouths were watering because there were 
plenty of large, rii)e blackberries all around them, yet none had 
time to pick them. The wood was only a thin curtain of ti-ees 
between us and the enemy, but they hid us from their view. 
As soon as we got into position we began to put up ])reastw()rks 
for protection, for as soon as the trees were cut down we ex- 
pected the enemy's batteries in our front to o])en on us with a 
lively fire. Our batteries in the reai- of us had already been at 
work sending shells toward the city, but the enemy's guns 
icplied slowly. While the Seventeenth Army Corps on our left 
was getting into position during the afternoon, the enemy came 
out of their works and charged on our left wing, principally the 
Seventeeth Corps, and for several houis there was verv hard 
lighting. We were in line, ready for action, expecting to be 
called at any moment. The firing approached so close to us that 
it looked as if we were about to receive tbeii- fire. They 
swung backward and forward, but came no further. It was con- 
fined to the left wing entirely. Toward evening the enemy were 
repulsed and driven back into their works. The loss on both 
sides was heavy. We heard with sorrow that (Jeneral Mac])herson 
was killed. We were verv glad we had breastworks, for in case 



122 History of ike Eighty-First Regiment, 

we had been attacked they would have been just the thing to 
fight from. Constant firing was Icept np by our artillery on the 
enemy's works, sometimes throwing shells into the city. 

On July 23, we still occupied our works. After we had put 
fhem up Company B was ordered to vacate the works they had 
built and turn them over to the Fifth Indiana Battery. They 
were the maddest set of boys just then in the army. Some of 
them swore they would never build another, and were very 
angry, because they had taken a great deal of pains to put them 
up. Nobody blamed them much, but the matter was settled by 
the regiment moving a little to the right to make a space for 
the company to build again. Most of the boys put their tents 
in the rear of their works, as nearly all of the enemy's shells 
went over our heads, bursting far in the rear of us. During the 
fight several solid shot came very near us and buried themselves 
in the ground just in the rear of our regiment. 

On Sunday, July 24, we received orders to put our tents up 
in regular order, and we thought we were going to stay awhile. 
Part of Atlanta was in full view from our camp. The boys 
keep things lively day and night on the skirmish line, and our 
artillery constantly sent shells and solid shot into the city. The 
enemy replied with vigor, so we could not complain for noise. 

On the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth nothing iinusual oc- 
curred on the lines in our innnediate vicinity. Constant firing 
da}^ and night seemed to be the order on both sides, our skir- 
mishers gradually closing up until we were within four hundred 
yards of the enemy's w^orks. 

On the morning of the twenty-seventh we received orders 
to move and change our position. In a short time tents wMt- 
struck and we moved out toward the rear. We marched abont 
three miles and took up a position in a line of old breastworks 
which the enemy left on the morning of the twenty-second, thns 
facing the rear. The supposition was that w'e were faced to th • 
rear to guard against a cavalry attack and to protect our trains. 
The works Avere soon put in good order and a strong abatis bui't 
along our front. It rained in the evening, which cooled th>^ 
atmosphere some. It was a good thing, for it was terribly hot. 
We remained quietly in our works. The regiment had but little 
to do except light picket duty. All the trains coming from the 
rear passed through our camp, so we were not lonesome. 

On the twenty-eighth we lay in our works till 3 o 'clock in the 
afternoon. Heavy fighting had broken out on the right of our 
front lines, and orders came for our regiment and the Thirty- 
first Indiana to fall in quickly, move forward and take up a 
position in the front line of works to strengthen the line: 
Several regiments that occupied the works were out as skir- 
mishers. While we were there quite a number were brought in. 



ludUnia Voluiit((r Iiifdiilnj, 1861-1865. 123 

and the same sad scene of wounded and dyin<;' men was witnessed 
again. 

While occupying the woi-ks we were surprised to see a citizen 
api)i'oac]iing us along the line of our Avorks, cariwing a satchel 
in his hand. On a closer view, it proved to be ('ai)tain Xorthcutt, 
of Coiiipany B. who had just ari-ived from the North, to renew 
his acquaintance with his comi)any. His journey was under 
rather exciting surroundings, for he ran considerable risk of 
being wounded even behind our line of works by exposing him- 
self. We were very glad to see him, and he was glad to get back. 

We remained in line until dark, and as the enemy's attack 
w^as repulsed we Avithdrew and returned to our camp. We felt 
like we were having a rest where we were, although we were not 
out of the sound of guns, and always in uncertainty of wdiat the 
next move w'ould be. The weather was still warm and sultry. 

On July 29, w'e were still in our camp. Everything was quiet, 
the enemy not moving, but lying looking at us. The boys said 
it was no use to worry or grumble or whine, for every mortal 
nuist drop out of line, so they were jolly and gay. and laughed 
while they could and always acted the part of men. 

On the morning of July 30, while we still lay in our camp, 
the enemy commenced to move. Heavy fighting began on our 
right. The enemy made repeated charges on our lines, but were 
finally driven off wath great loss. We then received orders to 
strengthen our works and make our abatis stronger. The men 
went to w^ork on them and soon had everything in good order. 
About this time it connnenced to rain. 

On Sunday, July 31, we still held our ])osition and every- 
thing remained quiet all day. The boys seemed well pleased and 
enjoyed the rest. On the morning of August 1. 186-4, we re- 
ceived oi-ders to strike tents and get ready to move as soon as 
possible. We moved out at 9 o'clock and went to the right of 
our brigade and pitched our tents, but then received orders to 
strike tents again and hold ourselves in readiness to move at 
12 o'clock. We moved only about a hundred yards, returned 
again and remained here until dark. We then moved to the left 
of the front line of works and took a position in a jilace formerly 
occupied by the Twenty-third Army Corps, which had moved to 
the right. Everything was quiet on the line. This seemed to us 
to be a singular move. When we got to the front line it was 
quite dark, and we became januned up together and remained so 
until morning. The place was a small hill and full of "gopher" 
holes to hide from the shells, which made it unsafe to move 
around much till daylight. 

On the morning of August 2. we shifted our ])osition a little 
and the boys commenced to put up their tents and put their 
camp in order. We found there was no end to the "gopher" 



124 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

holes, but the works were very strong. In our front all seemed 
quiet on the line. 

August 3, everything was quiet most of the day, and re- 
mained so until 4 p. m., when heavy tighting was heard on the 
right. A portion of the troops were ordered forward to make 
a demonstration for the purpose of keeping the enemy from 
massing their forces on the right. As soon as the movement 
commenced the enemy opened on us with a heavy fire from their 
rifle pits, but we charged and carried them with but slight loss 
on our part. The enemy lost many killed and wounded and 
four hundred prisoners. Our forces then fell back after dark, 
having accomplished what they were ordered to do. We still 
held our works, and lay quiet all night. 

The morning of August 4, still found us behind our works, 
where we lay all day, with heavy firing going on in our front. 

August 5, we lay quiet in our works until 4 p. m., when we 
made another "feint" on the enemy's line for the purpose of 
drawing their forces from the fight that was going on on our 
right. 

Early in the morning of August 6. the enemy made a dash 
on our pickets and our regiment was ordered out to reinforce 
them, but when we got to the line the enemy had disappeared. 
We returned to camp at 12 m. At 4 p. m. the enemy made an- 
other dash on the pickets, but were repulsed with heavy loss. At 
night rain fell and made our works very disagreeable. 

Sunday, August 7, was the first quiet day we had for some 
time. There was very little picket firing on either side and no 
cannonading in our front. We spent rather a quiet day. 

On August 8, we remained in our works all day. Iilverything 
remained quiet. There was no firing on the front lines. Rain 
fell all day, making it very uncomfortable for us in the trenches, 
but under all the circumstances we managed to get along. 

On August 9, the regiment still remained in- the works we had 
been in for some time. Our adjutant left on that day for Bi'idge- 
port to bring up the regiment books and papers, as the boys 
began to need clothing and other things. After a stay of two 
weeks, with many ups and downs, with the railroad track torn 
up in several places by AA^heeler's cavalry and other bands of 
roving troops, he arrived safe at the regiment August 25, and 
found the regiment in the same camp, but with marching orders. 
We struck tents and got ready, but did not move till night. The 
march was supi)ose(l to be on the extreme I'ight of the army. We 
marched till 11 o'clock, and then halted and the brigade went 
into camp. Our regiment was detailed for picket. We were 
nearly played out, but had to go. The Twentieth Corps fell back 
to the Chattahoochee "River and threw up intrenchments to pro- 
tect themselves. The enemy's cavalry cautiously pursued them. 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 186 1-186 5. 125 

thinking the siege of Athnita had been abandoned. In the mean- 
time General Sherman, with the bulk of his army, was moving 
rapidly south. 

Early in the morning of August 26, while our regiment was 
on picket, the enemy advanced with a strong line of skirmishers, 
pushing them vigorously. They succeeded in driving our pickets, 
off the ridge. The Thirty-eighth Illinois was immediately de- 
ployed as a support. The Eighty-first rallied and charged the 
enemy, di'iving their lines back handsomely. If we had not 
fallen back we would have been captured. We lost one man, 
mortally wounded. After charging the hill we were ordered to 
follow our bngade and act as rear guard, which we did, the 
enemy following us up closely for several miles. We marched 
all day until dark, and went into camp more tired than we ever 
w'ere in our lives. The boys said it was the hardest trip we ever 
had, and when they got to lay down they were ready to give up 
the ghost. 

On August 27, we did not leave our camp until S o'clock in 
the morning. It was a very warm day. We marched al)out eight 
miles, reaching the vicinity of the West Point railroad near Pair- 
burn. The army destroyed twelve miles of the track. We halted 
and conmienced throwing up breastworks. Slight skirmishing 
was going on in our front, but Ave went into camp for the night. 

On Sunday, August 28, we lay in camp until 10 o'clock. 
Most of the army was moving east, with the right wing ap- 
proaching the JNlacon railroad. We marched out in the rear 
of the Fourteenth Army Corps. Our regiment was in front of 
the brigade, division and corps. We marched some three or four 
miles and went into position for the night in a large field and 
threw up works. Our position was a fine one. 

On August 29, we remained in the same position all day. 
Everything was very quiet. There was plenty of corn forage 
around us. Our regiment had been in the service just two years, 
and the boys thought it a long two years. 

On August 30, we had orders to move at 6 o'clock, but did 
not get away until 12 o'clock. We marched very slowly, only 
going three miles, and halting very often. AVe arrived near (mr 
position about 3 p. m., but it took us till night to get into line. 
When we were placed in position we had to move again and take 
up a new position on the right of our brigade in a thicket of 
woods. Works had to be built, and some of the i-egiments 
worked nearly all night fixing up their works. Two regiments 
in the brigade were sent out on a skirmish. 

On August 31, we left our camp early. After proceeding a 
short distance we formed a line of battle, as we were close to the 
enemy's works. Skirmishing began, and we commenced throw- 
ing up breastworks out of fence rails, but we had to leave before 



12H History of the Eiglity-First Regiment, 

comi^letin^' them, as our regiment was ordered out on the skir- 
mish line to support it. The enemy's works were soon taken, as 
there were but few of the enemy in them. The works were very 
strong. We remained on the road until the troops in our rear 
passed. We then moved on and got into position about night. 
There was heavy firing on our right all night. 

On September 1, 1864, we started out early in the morning 
for the railroad, our brigade in front of our division and our 
regiment in front of our brigade. When we got to the railroad 
our regiment was thrown out as flankers and skirmishers, while 
the rest of brigade tore up the railroad. We moved along the 
road until we came to the enemy's works. We were then ordered 
to fall in and form a line of battle, our right connecting with the 
Fourteenth Army Corps. We soon advanced on the enemy 
through a heavy fire, losing a good many men. .The brush was so 
thick we could not keep our lines and all was confusion. We soon 
tlu^eW up temporary works, and held them under fire all night. 
It was about as hot a place as we had ever gotten into. Colonel 
Wheeler was wounded here. September 2d we lay all night l;e- 
hind our rude fortifications, and in the morning we found the 
enemy had evacuated their works and fallen back. We folloAved 
them up closely, our advance keeping up sharp skirmishing all 
the way. We passed through the town of Jonesboro about 10 
o'clock. Our brigade was in the rear of our corps. After march- 
ing four miles the enemy were found strongly posted in our 
front. Our brigade was ordered up as a support to the skir- 
mishers of the second brigade, and iinally got into a position in 
a thick woods and threw up works, the enemy keeping up a 
heavy fire on us all the time. Toward night we moved to the 
right on the side of a hill behind the second brigade and threw 
up woi'ks again-. 

Septembei- 3. we had to lay behind our works and keep very 
close to them as the balls came thick and fast. This place was 
counted as bad as Kenesaw Mountain. It was cloudy and rained 
all day, Avhich made it very uncomfortable in our works. We had 
one man from Company K killed by a stray ball while getting 
his supper. It was very dangerous to stand up outside of the 
works, as we ran a great risk of being hit. The enemy threw 
several shells in our direction, but they did not hurt any one in 
our regiment. 

Colonel Wheeler turned the conuiiand over to Captain 
Everitt this morning. Our headquarters tent was put up about 
three hundred yards in our rear and we had to run the gantlet 
when we went back and forth. 

The morning of September 4, Avas cloudy and very disagree- 
able, with plenty of mud. There Avas heavy picket firing in our 
front. Our briaade was relieved from the front line and sent 



Indiana Voluntvi r J iifaiilri), JSGl-JSG'j. 127 

to the rear, out of the range of the battle, as they were losiiii;' 
a great many men for nothing. 

About 11 a. m. official orders were read to us that Atlanta 
was captured, which caused great rejoicing among the boys. 

Corporal Anderson, of Company K, was killed by a stray l)all 
just before we started back from Lovejoy's Station. 

Colonel Wheeler left on the eleventh for home on a leave of 
absence. 

On September 5, we laid all day among the pines, out of reach 
of the enemy's balls, but not their shells. At night, after we got 
through drawing rations, we got in line. It was raining hard 
at the time. It was 5 o'clock before we marched, and then only 
a short distance across a road, and halted to let a portion of thti 
Twenty-third Corps go in advance of us. At 8 p. m. we moved 
forward. The roads were in bad condition from the heavy rains, 
and the march was very hard. \Ve went along the line of our 
army to the right. There Avas heavy skirmishing going on at 
the time, but we kept on till we got to the railroad, and then 
made for Jonesboro. AVe passed through the town at 2 a. m.. 
tired and weary. We finally halted on the battlefield of Septem- 
ber 1 for the balance of the night, occupying our old works. AVe 
were tired and hungry and went to sleep on the wet ground. 

On the next morning, September 6, we were feeling sick and 
tired, not having rested nnich by our stop. The Fourteenth Corps 
left in the morning and passed us ; the impression prevailed that 
we were to be the rear guard, but at that time heavy skii-mishing 
commenced in our front. As the enemy's cavalry had followed 
us up closely, we got orders to fix up our works and make them 
stronger. Our boys charged on the enemy and drove tliem from 
the town. After that there was not so much skirmishing. It 
was cloudy and raining. The boys got their mail in the after- 
noon and that was calculated to cheer them up a little. 

Just after breakfast on September 17, we received orders to 
fall back. AVe left our works at 7 o'clock and marched along 
the railroad several miles and passed part of the Twenty-third 
Corps on our right. The enemy's cavalry kept following us, 
but at a safe distance, for several miles, but did not trouble us. 
AVe then went into camp within six miles of Atlanta. At this 
time the boys began to feel in better spirits than they had for 
some time, as they expected to go into camp and have a good 
rest. 



128 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 



CHAPTER XIV. 

ATLANTA IS TAKEN — A DV.IF.F REST. 

On September 8, we had reveille at 4 :30 a. m. and marched 
out at 6 o'clock, the boys feeling good. We reached Atlanta at 
11 a. m., and marched through it with colors flying and music 
playing. We were in advance of our corps. After marching 
about a mile from the city we went into regular camp, the boys 
expecting to have a good time, and also a good rest. The 
mail came in again, and the boys thought that was very en- 
couraging. 

Captain Everitt, of Company I, had command of the regi- 
ment, as we had no colonel, our lieutenant colonel having gone 
home. We had no major with the exception of our surgeons. 

In the morning of September 9 all was quiet in our camp, but 
the boys were busy fixing up their camp in good style, as they 
thought the campaign was over for awhile. We were at last out 
of the sound of guns and the noise of war. 

Orders were read to us from the President. Generals Grant 
and Sherman, congratulating the troops on our great success. It 
sounded like good news all around, and the boys said this was 
the beginning of the end. The campaign had been a long one. 
It commenced on May 3 and ended on September 8, lasting one 
hundred and thirty-seven days. We were fighting or marching 
most of the time, day and night. 

September 10 was a nice day. All was quiet. Clothing was 
issued to the boys. They cleaned themselves up and put on a 
little style while they lay here in camp so close to a city. The 
officers also got cmt their clean uniforms and fixed up for dress 
l)arade: so the boys said. 

On Sunday, September 11. we had nothing out of the usual 
routine of camp duties. Captain Mathey was promoted and 
mustered as major of our regiment. Captain Everitt retiring. 

On the thirteenth, we still lay in our camp resting. 

On the morning of the fourteenth, we received orders for reg- 
ulating our camp. We had guai-d mount every morning, and each 
captain tried to excel the other in sending up the cleanest and 
neatest men for guard duty. The weather was mild but cool of 
nights. All kinds of provisicms Mere plentiful except salt 
rations. 



Indiana Volunteer Iiifaiiiry, 1861-1865. 129 

On the fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth, all 
was still ({niet in our camp. AVe had dress parade nearly every 
evening. The boys were beginning to get somewhat rested and 
felt like they had some life in them. 

On the nineteenth, Major General Stanley, the confmander 
of our corps, inspected our regiment. The weather was cloudy 
and damp but the boys looked remarkably well. One year before 
that day the battle of Chickamauga was fought, and the boys 
said they do not Avant to see any more days like that. There has 
been nothing new in our camp for three or four days. 

Captain Northcutt resigned and left for home. 

On Sunday, the twenty-fifth, most of the officers and men 
went to church in the city. After that for several days every- 
thing remained quiet in camp. 

On October 2, 1864, rumors began to reach us that we Avere 
soon to receive marching orders, but as it was the Sabbath some 
of the men attended church. 

On October 3* we received orders at 1 o'clcok in the morning 
to be ready to march at daybreak, with forty rounds of ammu- 
nition, two days' rations and all our camp equipage. No one 
knew where we were going. We had plenty of grapevine tele- 
grams, but none were reliable. At daybreak we started and soon 
reached the Chattahoochee River, where we halted and cooked 
dinner. AVe then crossed the river and marched sevei-al miles 
and went into camp near our old ])attle ground of the Fourth of 
July, some four or five miles south of INIarietta. We had light 
showers during the day, which made the roads very nniddy. 

On October 4, we laid in our camp until 11 o'clock, when the 
bugle blew "strike tents." In a few moments all was commo- 
tion, but we did not move out until 12 o'clock, and then marched 
out, our brigade in the rear of the corps. AA^e passed over the 
battlefield of July 4 and reached INIarietta at 2 o'clock, marching 
through to the public s(|uare, where Ave halted, stacked arms 
and rested for a few moments. We then crossed the railroad 
and marched west of the town for several miles. Kilpatrick's 
Cavalry was with us. A great many rumors were afloat. Some 
said Big Shanty and Acworth had been burned and the railroad 
destroyed for twenty-five miles. We being the last of the corps, 
we did not get into camp until it was dark. AVe camped in a 
large, hilly field, full of high weeds, and in the shadow of Ken- 
esaw- IMounfain. 

AVe left camp on October 5, at 9 a. m. and started on the road 
toward Pine Alountain. AVe marched through the old battle 
ground of June 20 and 21, right through the place where we had 
so many wounded, and we Avere astonished to see hoAv close Ave 
Avere to the enemy's AA^orks that day. Our march Ava.s sIoav, OAving 
to the cavalrv skirmishins: Avith the enemA^ in our front. We 



130 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

then came to some of the enemy's breastworks, halted for a 
couple of hours and marched again about a mile and went into 
camp on a high ridge, part of Pine Mountain, and within a 
stone's throw of where Lieutenant Hargis was wounded. We 
heard there that General Thomas had a fight with the enemy in 
the morning at Kingston and repulsed them. 

October 6, we laid on top of Pine Mountain all day. It rained 
in torrents all night and all day (the boys said that it came down 
in bucketfuls at a time), which made it very uncomfortable in 
camp. 

General Sherman spent nearly all day on top of the mount- 
ain, surrounded by the boys, who followed him wherever he 
went. He seemed in the best of spirits and good humor and 
talked to the boys. They were delighted with him. He w^as a 
tall, slim man and his appearance was rather rough. He had on 
an old hat, a shirt collar that was starched about two weeks be- 
fore, one end sticking up, the other down ; a white vest, dress 
coat and pants filled with mud ; had on one boot and one shoe and 
an old cigar stuck in his mouth. That was Sherman's appear- 
ance that day. 

Up on the mountain we had a splendid view of the country 
this side of the Altoona Mountains. Just before sundown it 
cleared off with a glorious sunset. 

On October 7, we laid in the same position all day, and could 
learn no news of the enemy. It was a fine day, and we enjoyed 
the view we had from the mountains. About 2 p. m. we heard 
heavy cannonading, w^hich sounded to us like as if they were 
fighting between Lost Mountain and Dallas, but we did not 
know who it was. Late in the afternoon it began to turn cold. 

On October 8, we left our camp at 3 a. m. and started on the 
road toward Big Shanty. We marched directly toward the rail- 
road and went into camp about dark. The regiment was strung 
out for several miles, and some of the boys were late in getting 
into camp. The evening was very cool; overcoats very com- 
fortable. We camped in a large field full of rocks, which did 
not make a very pleasant bed to sleep on. 

On October 9, we struck tents at 3 o'clock in the morning and 
Avaited a long time before we moved. We then marched toward 
the west, halting often. We marched a fe^v miles and went into 
camp in the wood alongside of the railroad. It was a dreary- 
looking place. The boys were very much disappointed with it, 
and would rather have been nearer the railroad, so they could 
see something, but it was Sunday and the boys said it would do 
for a Sunday camp. 

On October 10, we lay in our camp nearly all day, some of 
the I'egiment ])eing quite busy fixing u]) houses as if they were 
going into regular eamj). At 3 o'clock in the afternoon the 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 131 

bugle sounded to "strike tents" and Ave moved out through 
Acworth, marching along the railroad, arriving at Altoona Sta- 
tion just before dark. It was a beautiful moonlight night, but 
the air was very cold during the day. We marched twelve miles 
and went into camp near Cartersville, on the railroad. We did 
not get into camp until 9 o'clock. We were very tired and out 
of rations. They tinally came up and were issued late in the 
night. 

On October 11, early in the morning we "struck tents" and 
marched out along the railroad toward Kingston, reaching there 
at 12:30 o'clock, and halted for several hours to get dinner. At 
.'i p. m. we moved out again and took a road leading toward 
Rome. We marched about a mile and went into camp for the 
night in a very thick wood. 

We received a large mail on the eleventh, and the boys were 
jubilant over the news from home. The draft had taken place 
and some of our friends at home would have the esteemed privi- 
lege of becoming a soldier for our Uncle Samuel. 

On October 12, we left our camp at 8 a. m. and marched to 
all points of the compass, and for the greater part of the day it 
was slow marching. The Fourteenth Corps was ])locked with 
trains. AVe had to march in the wood most of the time to give 
the road to them. At 4 o'clock the road got clear and we moved 
rapidly for some distance, and did not go into camp until 10 
o'clock. It was a severe march, and the road was strewed with 
men that were tired out. Our brigade Avas in front of our corps. 
We went into camp about two miles from Rome. Late in the 
afternoon we heard heavy cannonading in the direction of Rome. 

On October 13, we laid in our camp until 3 o'clock in the 
afternoon. AVe then moved back in the direction of Resaca. We 
heard that the enemy had cut the railroad at that place. We 
had been lying within two miles of Rome, and expected to remain 
there and rest, but were disappointed. The march w^as slow 
and tedious, which worried the men more than marching fast. 
We went into camp at 11 o'clock, having made ten miles. The 
night was a beautiful moonlight one, but the air was cold and 
chilly, which made it veiy uncomfoi'table to us. Orders were 
received to move at half-past 4 o'chx'k the next morning, which 
was not very pleasant ncAvs to tired and sleepy men. 

On October 14, we struck tents at 7 a. m. and stai-ted on the 
road to (^alhoun. AVe heard the enemy had been at Calhoun 
and robbed the sutlers there. AVhen we got there we found the 
place deserted, so we marched on to Resaca and halted for about 
half an hour. AA^e then crossed the river and marched outside 
of the town and halted to get our dinner, then mai'ched about 
three miles and went into camj) for the night on the old liattle- 
field where the Fifth Indiana Batterv did so well. AVe found 



132 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

that the railroad had been destroyed by the enemy between here 
and Dalton and everything in a bad fix. 

On October 15, we struck tents in the morning and moved 
out in a hurry on the road toward Dalton. After marching a 
mile we turned off to the left and went through the wood. We 
heard some brisk skirmishing away off on our left. After 
marching nearly three miles we halted and made preparations 
for a fight, as we heard the enemy were in Snake Creek Gap and 
getting out as fast as they could. One of our brigades was sent 
out on a reconnoissance. We remained in position about two 
hours and then started for Snake Creek Valley. We marched 
four miles over the tallest and steepest hills we had ever seen. 
We reached the valley at dark. We were just two hours behind 
time; a little sooner and we would have captured the enemy's 
train. We bivouacked here for the night. Trains and troops 
were passing us all night long. 

On October 16, we expected to move out early, but did not 
move until 10 o'clock. The Fourteenth Corps was ahead of us. 
The Fifteenth and Seventeenth passed us and the, Twenty-third 
followed in our rear. The enemy cut down a great many trees 
in the valley to retard our trains, but our pioneers soon cleared 
the way. AVe marched about five miles and went into camp in a 
large field in Pigeon Valley. At 4 o'clock the boys got plenty of 
forage of all kinds. We were now within five miles of the Chick- 
amauga battle ground. We had plenty of everything to eat, and 
the bbys of the regiment were in a jolly good humor. 

On October 17, we did not move but laid in camp all day, 
resting ourselves. Foraging was all the go while here, everybody 
out, and there was plenty of it. We lived on the fat of the land. 
Word came in the evening that the mail would go out, as com- 
munications has been re-established with Chattanooga. Orders 
came to stop all trains going south and prepare for a long march. 
We thought we were having plenty of long marches. Shortly 
after we had laid down orders came that we must be ready to 
move at daylight. 

On October 18, we struck tents at daylight and moved out. 
We marched northwest, but in a short time changed our direc- 
tion toward the west. We marched \Qvy fast for a long distance, 
but finally we came to a halt and rested for an hour. We then 
started and turned to the left, off the road, through the wood, 
and marched east, then south until near night when we went into 
camp on a high hill or ridge. We had been marching in the 
direction of Rome. Some said we were only five miles from the 
town. We had marched twenty-five miles. The boys did some 
foraging. 

On October 19, we did not leave our camp until 1 p. m. We 
then marched about six miles to Sunnnerville, a new little town» 



. I)tdiana Yolunlny Iiifaitlry, 18G1-18G5. 1)33 

but entirely destitute of inhabitants. We marched about a 
quarter of a mile beyond the town and went into camp in a 
cornfield surrounded by a dense pine thicket. 

On October 20, our regiment struck tents early in tlie morn- 
ing: and moved out at 6 o'clock, our regiment in the lead of Ihe 
brigade. 

Orders were now strict about forafi:inp;. The day's march was 
very hard; the roads were dusty and the marching was rapid, 
with very few halts. We marched nearly twenty miles before 
we camped. We crossed the State line into Alabama, and the 
boys were glad to get out of Georgia for a while. We went into 
camp near a little town called (>alesville. 

On October 21, we remained in camp all day. We were very 
glad to get to rest. We camped in a rich valley for forage, so 
the boys had plenty of everything in the way of hogs, chickens, 
etc. The nights were very cool. We also received our mail. 

October 22, found us still in camp, where we remained all 
day. The men washed their clothing. As they were somcAvhat 
rested they thought it a good time to clean up. This seemed to 
be a rich country around us. 

On Octboer 23, everything was quiet. We remained in camp 
all day. Lieutenant John Schwallier went home on a leave of 
absence. 

On October 24, we received orders to fall in. We moved 
nearly half a mile further to the right, went into camp and 
fixed up in regular style. This was a nice place for our camp. 
Some of the boys got hold of some leather and made themselves 
haversacks. 

October 25, we rested all day. Captain Crow, of the 
connnissary department, had charge of our foraging parties. 
Orders Avere very strict against private foraging parties. The 
boys did not like the arrangement, as they preferred foraging on 
their own hook. 

October 26, we Avere still in our camp in the valley, but 
received orders to be ready to mai'ch at 8 o'clock the next morn- 
ing. We were bound for the road again. 

On October 27, Ave left camp on time in the morning and 
marched about fourteen miles. We AA'ent into camp on the 
otherside of a toAvn called Alpino. While here aa^c met the second 
division of our corps AA'hich had been at Chattanooga. AVhile 
on the march, and just before going into camp, a shoAA'er came 
on us. Pretty soon the siui broke through the clouds, and one 
of the most beautiful rainl)OAVs spread itself over us, and ap- 
peared to be right close to us. We sincerely hoped it AA'as a 
harlunger of peace and liappiness for us. It Avas a glorious sight 
to see the troops, Avith liauners and flags marching under it, 
their guns glistening in the sun. We shall ncA-er forget it. 



134 Historij of ihc EigJify-Firsf Regiment, 

On October 28, we left our camp at 6 a. m., our brigade bein^ 
in the advance of the corps. We marched over twenty miles and 
went into camp at a town called Lafayette. That was a hard 
day's march, and nearly run the men down. We went into 
camp at 3:30 o'clock in the afternoon. 

On October 29, we left camp at 8 a, m. our brigade being in 
the rear of the corps. The roads Avere in good condition. We 
marched through Lafayette. This was another hard day on the 
men. Their feet gave out and some of them limped all the way. 
While on the march we came in sight of Lookout Mountain, and 
on through the battlefield of Chickamauga. It was a dismal 
place. We did not get into camp until near night, and when Ave 
were within three miles of Chattanooga. It was a very poor 
place. We could hardly get wood enough to bulid our fires. It 
was held by the enemy during the battle and was used as a 
slaughter house during the time they occupied Mission Ridge. 
It was anything but a pleasant place. AVe could hear the trains 
running all night. 

On October 30, we struck our tents at 8 a. m. and marched 
into Chattanooga. The boys were glad to see the place again. 
We halted at the railroad station and stacked arms. The boys 
thought they were going on the railroad, as some of our corps 
were on the cars, but Ave Avere ordered to fall in line. We march- 
ed to Lookout Mountain and halted at the foot of it and stacked 
arms. We then received orders that Ave might remain half an 
hour, or maybe until the next morning, so w^e remained just 
as Ave were until night, when Ave put up our tents. We got our 
mail on the thirtieth. We had been shifted around so in the 
last fcAV days that Ave could not tell Avhat Avould happen. The 
boys felt certain they Avere going to have a railroad ride, but 
found out different. Our surgeon. Dr. Fonts, met us here. 

On October 31, Ave aAVoke in the morning to find ourseK'es 
beneath the shadow of old Lookout Mountain, Avith no orders 
to moA^e, but some rumors Avere that our brigade Avas to guard 
our corps train through. 

Colonel Wheeler and Captain Schell arrived at the regiment 
on the thirty-first. We Avere glad to see them. 

It Avas noAV settled that Ave Avere to guard the train through, 
so we had another long march before us. Orders came to strike 
tents and fall in, and at 3 o'clock Ave started and marched up 
Lookout Mountain and Avent over it. While on toi) avc had a 
splendid view of Chattanooga. We marched about five niiles 
and Avent into camp near a station called Wauhatehie. 

On November 1, 1864, we struck our tents and left camp at 
6 a. m. with our regiment in advance of the train. Major Truax, 
the ])aymaster, was along, and if we had had our rolls made out 
we could have gtitten our monev. The bovs thought it funnv 



ht<li(in<i VoUoitcvr I iifdHlrii, 1861-1865. V^^^ 

to have a live paymaster so elose and yet so far, for if they eould 
not «iet their money it did them no good. After marching several 
miles we halted and our regiment was ordered to fall in and 
leave oif the ammunition train. We passed Whiteside Station 
at 11 o'clock. The roads were bad. Our regimental wagon 
broke down. We reached Shell IMound Station at dark, and 
went into camp close to Xickajack Cave. The weathei- was 
cloudy and it began to rain in the night. Some of the hoys 
went into the cave, where it was dry. 

On November 2, the rain that set in the night before con- 
tinued all day, and it was a very cold rain. It made the roads 
very bad. We marched twelve miles. Our regiment was in the 
rear of the am])ulance train. Colonel Wheelei- left us and went 
back to Chattanooga. We got to Bi-idgei)()rt at noon and halted 
to let the trains cross the bridge. Our regiment was scattered 
a good deal. When we got across the river at Bridgeport, we 
went into camp outside of the town. As we went in we passed 
our old camp at this place. Our log houses were over run with 
weeds, which had grov^oi higher than the houses. Colonel 
Wheeler came back to the regiment on the second. 

November 3, we started out and left our camp at S a. m. 
Our regiment was in the center of the train, five companies 
ahead and the rest divided among every ten wagons. The roads 
were all in a terrible condition, which made our movements slow. 
We passed through Stevenson and camped about one mile north 
of the town in a dense woods. Several trains loaded with 
soldiers passed us bound for Nashville. Some of the boys tried 
to get some fresh bread and pies, but could not make it. 

On November 4, in the morning, we struck tents and moved 
out to the railroad, halted and waited for over an houi" before 
we moved on. The weather was cold and rain set in, which 
made it very disagreeable for the men, and the roads so bad that 
it gave them more work getting the wagons along. The rain 
continued all day and we moved very slowly and went into camp 
at 4 o'clock on the side of the hill. We had plenty of wood. 
Just at dark it cleared off and looked like the next day would 
be clear. 

November 5, we left camp at 9 o'clock and marched left 
in front, but it was slow, with a great many halts. The day 
was beautiful and it seemed to revive the boys' spirits wonder- 
fully. We marched till dark and went into camp very tired. 
Owing to some misunderstanding we could not find a proper 
place. At last we camped on the side of a hill close to the rail- 
road. 

November 6, was Sunday, but the army had to move on, 
as there was no exception in our case, and we left camp at 7 
a. m. and moved up to the foot of the mountain, where we halted 



136 History of the Eiyhty-First llegiment, 

a ^lort time, and then commenced to climb it. The roads were 
awfully bad and rocky, but we kept moving on, resting now and 
then, until we got to the top. We halted there a short time to 
help the wagons along, then started down, and kept going until 
w^e got to the foot of the mountain, when we went into camp. 
Only a few w^agons came down the mountain. The weather 
was cloudy and cool, with a shower of rain, but when we got 
down in the valley the wind blew a perfect hurricane and in the 
night it rained very hard and flooded us out. We passed a 
miserable night of it, and the boys thought this was hard work, 
getting over the Cumberland Mountains. 

On November 7, when we awoke in the morning it had quit 
raining, and the regiment was ordered back to the top of the 
mountain to help the M^agons along. ,The boys did not fancy that 
kind of soldiering, but, nevertheless, they went iip to the top of 
the mountain again, and were scattered all along the road in 
companies and remained there until relieved by another regi- 
ment. Then they came down the mountain again, and after 
marching several miles went into camp for the night. 

On November 8, we did not move out of our camp until 
12 o'clock, and then marched for Deckerd Station, where we 
arrived at 3 p. m. The weather was very disagreeable, as it 
rained all the time. After a short halt we went into camp. 

On November 9, we struck tents in the morning at daylight, 
and started out on the road, passing through Winchester at 8 
a. m. We passed the town of Salem at 12 m., and along in the 
afternoon passed through Branchville at 3 p. m., marched some 
three miles beyond the town and went into camp in a damp, flat 
woods. "It had been raining hard all day and the nuid was knee 
deep. The boys put in a miserable day. 

On November 10, we marched again at daylight. The 
marching was a little more pleasant. The w^eather had cleared 
up and the sun shone bright, but the air was cool. After march- 
ing some distance, and along in the afternoon, we halted and 
went into camp for the night in a beautiful place, where we got 
plenty of forage, the boys having more chickens and hogs in 
camp than they had for a long time, which put them in excellent 
spirits. Added to this, the paymaster, who had been with us on 
this trip across the mountains, paid off some of the boys. We 
got in the habit of moving at daylight and this morning, 
ISIovember 11, was no exception to the rule, we passed through 
a rich country and found any quantity of forage of all kinds 
for man and beast. The boys conunenced foraging early and 
kept it up all along the march. The day was fine for marching 
and we got along very well. We passed through the once pretty 
town of Favetteville. There were still some nice residences in 
the place. We were met herr by a brigade of cavalry, who came 



hidiana Vohiiilccr J nf^nilry, 1861-1865. 137 

1() escort us tlirouph. AVe crossed a nice brid^ie that spans the 
Klk River just outside of the town, where we went into camp. 

November 12, we moved again at daylight, our regiment 
l)eing in the advance. No foraging was allowed, as w^e were 
getting in close proximity to the enemy. We had a pleasant 
inarch and reached Pulaski at 3 p. m. We found a lot of our 
friends already there who were glad to see us, as there had 
been rumors that we were captured by the enemy, and our train 
burned. As we arrived in town we heard the news of Lincoln's 
election as President again. As part of our corps was already 
lliere, w^e rejoined them and went into regular camp on a high 
hill overlooking the town. 



138 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 



CHAPTER XV. 

OPERATIONS ABOUT THE BASE WHEN SHERMAN STARTED TO THE SEA. 

On November 12, General Sherman gave his last orders to 
lis, and cut loose from Atlanta and started for the sea, leaving 
Major General Thomas to look after Hood and all the rest of 
our enemies in this section of the country. 

We spent November H, in camp washing and cleaning up, 
and glad of the chance to rest, but the boys missed the good 
things they had on the march. We again subsisted on sow- 
belly and hard tack once more. 

On November 14 and 15, there was nothing new in camp, 
raining nearly all the time. Lieutenant Schell was nuistered as 
captain of his company. 

Everything was still quiet on the seventeenth, but it still 
continued to rain hard. The boys got eight months' pay, so 
they were all flush with greenbacks. 

On November 18, everything looked dismal in camp, on ac- 
count of the rain and cold. The fire was the best place the boys 
•could find. Wood was not so jilentiful here, and had to be 
brought some distance. It kept the boys hustling to keep a 
supply on hand. 

On November 19, the weather turned colder. There were 
rumors that we would move soon, although the boys preferred 
remaining in camp awhile, rough as it was, for we had been on 
the march almost continually since we left camp at Ooltewah, 
Tenn. 

On November 20, 21 and 22, we were still in camp, Avith the 
weather cold and everything quiet. Some of the boys were 
Avorking on their houses, but the logs had to be brought such 
a distance they could not do much. 

At 12 o'clock m., November 23, the general call was sounded 
and we hastly got ready to move. It was said Hood was march- 
ing on the town with his whole army and we had to fall back. 
We marched at 3 p. m. After a steady march of eight hours, 
we halted and bivouacked for the night near Linville, Tenn. 
Shortly after leaving our camp we heard heavy skirmishing on 
our left, which we supposed was the enemy's cavalry feeling 
for the railroad. 

On November 24, we struck tents at 2 :30 a. m. and moved 
out immediatelv, but halted again near the road, and waited 



■Indiana Volunteer Infantri/, 18(il-lHfi'>. \'.V.) 

for over an hour before we started. We felt hadly on aeeount 
of our loss of sleep. The air was eold, but we inarched rapidly, 
with very few halts. Our train was in the rear. When within 
six miles of town, we halted and let our trains pass us, which 
delayed us several hours. We arrived at Columbia at dark. We 
lost our brigade and had quite a time trying to find it. After 
marching around a great deal, wearing out the patience of the 
men, we found the brigade and went into camp at 9 o'clock. 
The boys were pretty well played out, several Negroes of both 
sexes, with their children, accompanied us to town. Some of 
them presented a pitiable sight. 

November 25, was pretty much a day of excitement. We 
took up a position about 11 a. m. and commenced constructing 
works, but fell back after dark to a new position north of the 
town and worked all night on our fortifications. The men were 
very tired and sleepy, the enemy having been on our heels pretty 
close for the last forty-eight hours. 

After our works were completed, on November 26, the enemy 
made several charges on our right, but wei'e handsomely re- 
pulsed. There had been heavy skirmishing all night. 

Everything was lively in front on November 27, and heavy 
skirmishing was going on all day. Just at dark we were ordered 
to fall in. We retreated through the town, crossed Duck River 
and burned the railroad bridge behind us. After marching 
some disance we went into camp in a cornfield. Trooj)s were 
continually passing us all night. 

We moved early in the morning of November 28. After 
marching in a circuit for some five miles we got to a point half 
a mile from Avhere we started, formed a line of battle and threw 
up Avorks, but this was hardly done until Ave had to move some 
fifty yards and take up another position, Avhich Ave also fortified. 
Our artillery kept up a heavy fire all day, thus preventing the 
enemy from crossing the river in our front. 

We started to fall back the moi'ning of Novembei- 21), but 
before Ave got far from our Avorks, our brigade Avas ordered to 
take up a position on the left flank, on a high ridge running 
parallel Avith the road, and remain until further orders. As 
usual our regiment Avas thrown out as skirmishers. We re- 
mained here until dark Avithout encountering the enemy. We 
were relieved by regular pickets and then joined the brigade. 
We hardly had time, hoAvever, to get our supper before we Avere 
ordered to fall in and continue our retreat. Colonel AVheeler 
left us and Avent to Franklin on November 30. 

In the latter part of September the Fourth Army Corps 
marched from Atlanta to Chattanooga, after making a re- 
eonnoissance in force to Alpine Valley, Avith many exciting 
episodes. They left Chattanooga, and thence to Bridgeport and 



140 History of tltc Eighiij-Firsi Ixegimfnt, 

Pulaski. Following this came the hard marching, virtually a 
race on parallel roads with Hood, which resulted in the bloody 
battle at Franklin and IViashville. When IShernian cut loose 
from Atlanta, Hood also cut loose from Sherman, and started, 
as he stated, for the Ohio River, and the impetuous Southern 
leader had reached Florence, on the Tennessee River. Jeft' 
Davis and Hood had both made speeches to their army to en- 
courage them in the undertaking; and with his compact, con- 
fident army of thirty or forty thousand veterans, expected to 
have no trouble annihilating General Thomas, with less than half 
that number of available troops to oppose his march on Nash- 
ville. The Fourth Army Corps, under General Stanley, was 
camped at Pulaski, only a few miles distant from Hood when 
he started on his march from Florence to Columbia. General 
Stanley was soon advised of his movements, so he advanced 
toward the same point. Hood had the start and the shortest 
route, as well as much the larger force, but the Union forces 
won the "first heat" in the race by a hair's breadth. From the 
twenty-third to the twenty-seventh of November, the two armies 
confronted each other just south of Columbia, lying close to- 
gather, and neither seemed disposed to make an attack. Hood 
finally decided to march to Spring Hill, twelve miles north, with- 
out offering battle at that point. Schofield was in command of 
the Union forces, and they crossed. Duck River at Columbia on 
the night of the twenty-eighth, and early on the morning of the 
twenty-ninth Stanley took up the line of march for Spring 
Hill with the First and Second divisions of the Fourth Army 
Corps, with a train of eight hundred wagons and ambulances, 
and about forty pieces of artillery. No fires w^ere allowed, owing 
to the close proximity of the enemy. It was a night of terrible 
suspence, as the whole of Hood's Army was encamped in the 
immediate vicinity. As early as 4 o'clock on the afternoon of the 
tAventy-ninth, Hood was within two miles of Spring Hill with 
two corps and one division, in all thirty thousand infantry 
compactly located, Avhile Schofield had less than twenty thou- 
sand scattered on the road from Columbia to Spring Hill, a dis- 
tance of twelve miles. We continued our retreat all night. On 
our w^ay we passed a corj^s of the enemy encamped only five 
hundred yards from the road, they lying quiet while we passed 
by. Arriving at Spring Hill, we halted for ten minutes. We 
left Waggoner's Division of the Fourth Army Corps here and 
kept on onr marcli to Franklin. Tlie day's work was over at 
dark, but the night's work came on, and it was one of the most 
critical, important and perilons ever performed liy soldiers. Be- 
fore starting we received orders not to speak or mak? any noise, 
but to move forward as silently and as quickly as possible, and 
if the enemy fired on us we were not to return the fire, but to 



Indiana Voluniar hifanlvy, 1861-1S65. 141 

trust in Providence to assist us iu getting tlirough. As lie 
helped the prophets of old, so did He help us, for they all 
slumbered and slept as we passed by, although only a feAV. 
hundred yards from us. Tliere was not a shot fired. By 9 
o'clock that night Hood's Army was lying in line of battle two 
and a half miles long, parallel to the turnpike leading from 
Spring Hill to Franklin. No great distance— less than half a 
mile from it along the turnpike, Schofield's entire force, with its 
trains and artillery, marched in order to reach Franklin, twelve 
miles north, where it was hoped the Harpeth River could be 
crossed in time to save the army and its supplies. Before mid- 
night Stanley's men marched along this road, all except 
Waggoner's Division. General Stanley said it was like 
treading upon a crust covering a smoldering volcano. At 
any moment this line of soldiers might spring to their 
feet, advance a few hundred yards and pour destruction 
into our retreating columns. But the day's work had 
been hard for them as well as us, and while we marched 
they slept. Nearly a thousand teams crossed one bridge 
only wide enough for one wagon at a time. Between mid- 
night and 5 o'clock in the morning our supplies and teams 
were all across the Harpeth River. If the Second Division that 
we left at Spring Hill with the troops there had been defeated, 
our entire train and everything else would have been in the 
hands of the enemy, for at 3 p. m. General Cheatham advanced 
his entire corps to attack one brigade of the Second Division, 
and after several unsuccessful efforts enough troops were 
brought into the fight by the Confederates to dislodge our forces, 
but the fire of the six batteries stayed the enemy's onset and 
Cheatham waited for reinforcements. "When Hood came up he 
bitterly reproached both Cheatham and Clebourne, because, as 
he claimed, they had lost the whole advantage of the campaign 
by lack of dash and courage. AVhen General Stanley arrived 
at Franklin we commenced throwing up works as soon as we 
got to town. The boys, although very tired after an all-day 
and all-night march, worked Avith a will and soon had good 
works thrown up, as General Schofield desired to hold the town 
long enough to cross his trains in safety over the frail bridges 
that spanned the stream. Hood was close ])ehind him, 
chagrined and exasperated over the mischance of the past 
twenty-four hours. A iierce battle was highly probable, though 
none of the conniianding generals seemed to realize the fact. 
The Harpeth River makes a sharp horseshoe bend around the 
town. Across this bend Schofield 's defensive lines Avere draAvn, 
facing southward. It was about one mile long, inclosing the 
town, both flanks resting on the river, and was composed of 
two divisions of the Fourth Army Corps and one division and 



142 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

two brigades of the Twenty-third Army Corps. They arrived 
in the outskirts of Franklin about 2 :30 p. m. For the first time 
since leaving Columbia, the men had a brief respite from un- 
remitting duty, and permission was given them to make coffee, 
if they had any. With their arms stacked and their little fires 
burning they enjoyed the pleasure of anticipation, but their 
felicity was of short duration, for at 4 o'clock we saw the swarm- 
ing hosts of Hood's Army rapidly approaching. The onset 
cams and they were scattered like chaff, though not without 
brave resistance, being driven back on the defensive line. This 
part of the line was held by new troops of the Twenty-third 
Army Corps, who had never faced an enemy's charge. They 
fled in disorder when the victorous Confederates charged on 
the lines, and a wide gap was thus opened in our lines. The 
day seemed lost, but the old veterans soon filled up the gap and 
regained the lost ground. These veterans of many battles, 
aroused from the frugal cookery by the approaching stampede 
which bade fair to overwhelm them, took in the gravity of the 
situation, their owti peril and that of the army. In the uproar 
and confusion few of them heard any orders, but by a common 
impulse, instinctively and spontaneously, they seemed to recog- 
nize that the breastwxirks over which the enemy was swarming 
w^as the safest place in all the wide world for them. Going to 
the rear certainly meant drowning or capture ; going to the front 
might mean deliverance. They seized their guns from the stack, 
faced about toward the advancing foe and charged two or three 
hundred yards. Many of the retreating soldiers returned with 
them, drove out the enemy and reoccupied the abandoned 
trenches after twenty minutes of perhaps the crudest fighting 
our war ])elield. The enemy charged on our works eleven suc- 
cessive times but were repulsed with great loss. The Carter 
House was just in the rear of the breastworks, and around it the 
contest was fierce. We had a battery and one section of another 
stationed there. These had been captured in the wild rebel rush, 
but were recaptured during the remainder of the engagement. 
But Hood did not yet abandon his desperate attempt, for at 
least five distinct charges were made in rapid succession on the 
lines occupied by this brigade, each of which was gallantly re- 
pulsed. It was recognized on all sides that this was the key 
to the position. The fighting was much harder here than at any 
other point. The brigade front was so short that many men 
could not get into the trenches, and they lay flat in the rear, 
loading guns and passing them to comrades in front, thus 
doubling their efficiency. There was no question that in many 
places in front of our lireastworks, the enemy's dead lay in more 
than threes and foui's. 



Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865. 143 

Our regiment was advanced on the skirniisli line at the close 
of the fight, in front of our works, and remained there until the 
troops and trains were well across the river, when we were 
quietly withdrawn, crossed the river and proceeded on our way 
to Nashville, leaving there at 12 o'clock at night, feeling greatly 
relieved when we were safe on the north side of the Harpeth 
River. The sleepy, staggering, stumbling heroes, who had 
scarcely slept or eaten for three days, plodded along all night 
and until 11 o'clock the next day, December 1, 1864, when they 
marched inside the defences of Nashville utterly exhausted. 
They threw themselves on the frozen ground and slept a dream- 
less, welcome sleep, lasting in most cases from twenty-four to 
thirty-six hours. 

After our regiment left Franklin at midnight, we stopped 
a short time for breakfast, but it seemed the boys would i-ather 
sleep that eat. After reaching the outskirts of Nashville the 
regiment bivouacked in column by brigade. 

A Confederate soldier Avriting of the thrilling events at 
Spring Hill and Franklin some years afterward, said : 

"We outmarched them. We slept near Spring Hill, and 
when we bivouacked we knew that we had Schofield in a trap 
and that he was ours, but while we slept Schofield marched by 
and came within half a mile of our camp fires. I have never 
seen more intense rage and pi-ofound disgust than was ex- 
pressed by the weary foot-sore, battle-torn Confederate soldiers 
were when they discovered that their officers had allowed the 
prey to escape. As has been stated, the Second Division of the 
Fourth Army Corps stood fast while all the rest of Schofield 's 
Army marched by during that fateful night. The order of 
march to Franklin was for two regiments of one brigade to 
form in battle line opposite each other on the pike, the right of 
one joining the left of the other, both facing south. The re- 
maining four regiments of the brigade formed in the same 
manner, the second two several rods in the rear of the first two, 
with a third two several rods still further in the rear, all facing 
south or toward the Yankees. This movement was constantly 
repeated until the vicinity of Franklin had been reached. There 
Avas almost continuous skirmishing between the rear line thus 
facing the Federals, our line advancing all the time. The firing 
several times during the day became quite lively. Franklin had 
already been the scene of several considerable conflicts during 
the war. Even far back of that it was a fighting town, a favorite 
dueling ground for the old slave-holding chivalry. We charged 
the Federal lines time and again, only to be repulsed by them, 
but still the battle-torn Confederates were formed into charging 
colunuis and launched against the Yankee works. Oui- dead lay 
in windrows, the wounded shi-ieked as we trod on thcii- niaimled 



144 History of the Eighty-First Regiment, 

limbs. Eight o'clock, nine o'clock, and we were still fighting, 
still dying, still trampling our dead and wounded into the earth. 
Then we gave it up. We had made five desperate charges. Pat 
Clebourne's men had made six charges, when he fell dead while 
leading the last one. Every general officer in our army except 
Hood was killed or wounded. Our loss had run high up in the 
thousands. We stacked our arms and laid down. One Con- 
federate major general and his horse fell inside of the Union 
lines, both horse and rider dead. Such was the desperate valor 
displayed. ' ' 

General Carter, a brother of the occupant of the Carter 
House, was killed within a few rods of his house. In many 
instances it was brother against brother. For the number en- 
gaged, that was one of the most sanguinary engagements of the 
war. Some general, in speaking of it, said if our lines had been 
broken our whole army would have been lost, Nashville captured 
and the whole state of Tennessee lost to the Union, for the time 
being at least. It is true we left the field at the close of the 
fight and left it to the enemy, yet it was one of the greatest 
victories achieved by the Union forces during the war. Our 
loss was very light compared with that of the enemy, but to the 
rank and file of the army it seemed quite a mystery that Gen- 
eral Schofield, who was at the time of the engagement on the 
north side of the Harpeth River, almost out of sight of the 
battle, is given the honor, while General Stanley, who was in 
the thickest of the fight, and whose prompt action when the line 
was broken saved the day, and who, in so doing, received a very 
serious wound, is scarcely mentioned in the reports of the battle. 



fiididini Volti iil<( r I iifaiilrij, JS61-1865. 145 



CHAPTER XVI. 

NASUVII.LK INVESTED — OUR REGIMENTAL FLAG THE FIRST I'LANTKD 

ON hood's works. 

On December 2, we rested part of the day. At 1 o'clock the 
enemy appeai-ed in our front and skirmishinti? connnenced. We 
were hastily deployed, and commenced throwino- up a line or. 
w^orks. When we got them about half finished Ave fell back 
about half a mile and took up our position near Fort Casino, 
where we commenced fortifying again. We received orders 
during the night to keep the men constantly at work, as it was 
expected the enemy would assault them in the morning at sun-up. 

On December 3, General Stanley having been wounded at 
Franklin, General T. J. Wood assumed command of the Fourth 
Army Corps. Under the reorganization of the army General 
Kimble still counnanded the division, and General Kirby the 
bi-igade, consisting of the Twenty-first and Thirty-eighth Illi- 
nois and Thirty-first and Eighty-first Indiana, Ninetietli and 
One Hundred and First Ohio. We remained quiet all day in 
our works. Skirmishing Avas constantly going on. Wo had 
orders to strengthen our works and form abatis in u-ont of 
them. 

On December 4, Ave moved to the right, al)out the length of a 
regiment, and constructed ncAV Avorks and put up our tents. 

On December 5, skirmishing Avas lively all day betAveen the 
pickets. Nevertheless some of the boys got passes and Avent to 
the city. 

December 6, 7 and 8, the Aveather turned very cold and 
everything Avas very disagreeable, but Ave still kept to our Avorks. 
The enemy made a dash on the picket line of our brigade at 11 
a. m., and our regiment Avent out on double-quick to reinforce 
them, l)ut the enemy fell back. 

December 9, 10 and 11, found us still in our Avorks and keep- 
ing very close, as it was still very cold. EA^erythi ng on the lines 
Avas quiet except an occasional shot from our artillery, the boys 
liugging the fires closely. 

December 12, Ave Avere having lieaA'y fii'ing all day on our 
picket lines, and the night before it Avas kept up all night. It 
looked to us as if Ave Avould soon have a fight, as Ave got orders 
to be ready to moA'e at moment's notice. 

On December 13, Ave AA^ere still AA^atching the enemy closely. 



146 History of the Eighty-First Ixcijimcnt, 

Our orders were to have all our surplus baggage packed and 
ready for storage. The weather had moderated some, but it Avas 
suowlng and sleeting. There was not so much firing on the 
lines as the day before. 

December 14, was a muddy, sloppy and cloudy day. Our 
orders were to be ready to move on the enemy. 

History has told how Hood closed up around Nashville, 
aggressively investing it, creating consternation throughout the 
North and at Washington, yet few realized how bad his army 
had been crippled and disheartened by his fatal experience at 
Franklin. General Thomas deliberately prepared to attack him, 
and it was effectively and completely done. 

We had reveille at 4 a. m., December 15. Troops were 
moving early and passing to our right. AVe received orders to 
fall in line. After receiving words of encouragement from 
Colonel Kirby, commanding the brigade, to hold the post of 
honor, our division marched toward the right one and a half 
miles, halting outside of our main works. Troops were moving 
in all directions. We formed a line of battle, three regiments 
front. All this time heavy cannonading was going on at our 
right, and it kept coming down the line. We advanced slowly, 
driving their skirmishers and taking their pits. At 4 o'clock 
our brigade was ordered to charge a high hill in our front, close 
to the Hillsboro pike, called Montgomery Hill. We did so 
capturing part of the Thirty-fifth Mississippi. Our loss was 
twenty-two killed and wounded in the charge. Among the 
mortally wounded was Captain Schell, of our regiment, a brave 
and gallant officer. Our regiment was in the front lilie, and the 
Eighty- first was the first to plant the flag on the enemy's works. 
AVe camped on the battle field. 

On December 16, in the morning, it looked like we would have 
a fine day, but in the afternoon it clouded up and some rain fell. 
Some prisoners brought in reports that the enemy was not far 
off. The Second Division took the advance, so that they could 
have a hand in the pie, but we followed in supporting distance. 
Before proceeding very far Ave found the enemy entrenched near 
Brentwood Hill. The Second Division charged the enemy's 
works and was repulsed. We threw up works, and shortly 
afterward were ordered to the left, in the rear of AVhittaker's 
Brigade. There was very heavy cannonading and musket firing 
along the enemy's center, but it Avas only a feint, for in a short 
time their flanks were turned by Smith and Schofielu, and just 
before night the enemy beat a full retreat. Our rei'MiuMii lost 
only tAVO men, severely Avounded. We folloAved the enemy a few 
miles and Avent into camp on a high rise of ground alongside or 
close to a large house and outbuildings. 



Induuia Volunlcer Infantry, 1861-1865. 147 

On December 17, we marched out early in the morning 
tlirough mnd and rain until 4 p. m., and went into camp near 
Frankl.in, on the banks of ITarpeth River. We passed a great 
iriany prisoners on their way to Nashville, that were taken by 
our cavalry. We had to wait here until our pioneers provided 
some way to cross. 

On December 18, we crossed the Harpeth River in the morn- 
ing, on a new bridge built by our pioneers, and passed through 
Franklin. There was a great many wounded rebs there as well 
as our own wounded. AVe marched rapidly and passed the 
enemy's graveyai-d, which was just outside of the works we 
occupied during the battle there. This was the place they 
charged us so oft(ni, and were repulsed. They Avere buried where 
they fell, mostly in front of our works, and in many places the 
graves were very thick. In one place, all in the same row, we 
counted twenty-seven privates and three commissioned officers, 
all belonging to the same company. It was an Alabama regi- 
ment. That was a terrible day, and will never be forgotten by 
us as long as we live. 

AVe continued our march and went into camp south of Spring 
Hill. The day was damp and the roads muddy. It was Sun- 
day, and we spent the day marching through the nuid. 

On December 19, it having rained all night before, it was not 
very pleasant when we marched out from our camp at 7 o'clock. 
After marching a few miles we turned off the pike to the right 
and camped for the night. Several regiments of cavalry passed 
us after we went into camp. Late in the afternoon it turned 
very cold, but we built good fires of rails and made ourselves as 
comfortable as possible under the circumstances. 

On December 20, it was still cool, cloudy and looked like 
snow. AVe did not move out of our camp until 9 o'clock, being 
delayed a great deal on account of a bridge across a small creek. 
Finally a temporary one was thrown across and we moved out. 
It was a muddy crossing. AVe had a terrible time getting horses 
and nudes over the creek. AVe then marched to Duck River, 
but as there was no l)ridge to ci'oss, we went into camp on its 
banks and built our fires, which made everything all right. 

December 21, in the morning, a light snow fell and made it 
look Avinterish, but with large fires we kept comfortable. AVe 
i-emained in camp all day and the boys hugged the fires closely. 

December 22, we spent all day in camp and kept close \(> the 
fii'e. In the evening we received orders to be ready to move at 
7 p. m. The "general call" was sounded and the regiment fell 
into line and we marched across Duck River on Pontoon bridges. 
AVe marched through Columbia. Everything looked dark and 
gloomy. AVe marched across some very rough fields and up some 
high hills. The brigade went into camp, and our regiment was 



148 History of the Eiijlity-First Begimcni, 

ordered out on picket. The night was cold, and, as the pickets 
could have no fires, they suffered considerably. 

December 23, was cold all night, but the boys on the reserve 
kept up good fires, as the enemy was reported not to be near. 
We did not leave our camp until 1 p. m. We then started on the 
march, but moved very slow on the pike toward Pulaski for 
about five miles, and went into camp on a high hill. We fixed 
up our tents and built good fires. The enemy had left a small 
force to check us for a while, but it did not last long. It looked 
like their whole army was played out. 

December 24^ we had reveille at 5 a. m. It was a beautiful 
day for winter, being clear and cold. We struck tents at 8 
o'clock, but did not march until 12 m., on account of troops 
passing on ahead of us. After we marched some distance, we 
went into camp at 7 p. m., at the little town of Linville, the 
enemy still retreating as fast as possible. 

December 25, was Christmas, but we did not stop for that, 
for we had Hood on the move, and we kept him moving, or, you 
might say, flying. "We arose early and spent the day marching, 
we passed through Pulaski in the afternoon. It rained Avhich 
made it very disagreeable. We marched several miles south of 
Pulaski, and went into camp on a high hill at the mouth of a 
gap, where our cavalry and the enemy had quite a fight. To 
make it more unpleasant for us our rations were nearly out, 
having hardly enough for supper, but we had the promise of 
plenty next day. That was the way the boys spent Christmas, 
but they expected, or hoped at least, to spend the next one under 
more favorable circumstances, and in a ]ileasanter place. 

December 26, we remained in our camp all day waiting for 
rations, as we were out, and needed them badly. We received 
our mail, which kept the l)oys in good humor. It was cloudy 
and muddy, and that was a miserable-looking country. When we 
came here the night before there Avas plenty of rails, but they 
soon disappeared. 

We received orders to have reveille at 4 o'clock in the morn- 
ing, December 27. We Avere up in time and marched at 5 a. m., 
our division in front. This marching was very severe on the 
boys on account of the bad and nuiddy condition of the road. 
We went into camp at 8 p. m. on a small creek. 

December 28, was fine over head. We left camp at 9 a. m. 
and marched through a very bushy and timbered country, going 
into camp at 5 p. m. near Lexington, Ala. Our brigade was 
put in a thick brushy woods. As the troops were crowded to- 
gather, our regiment did not' have room to camp, so we were 
])laced in an open field, v\here we had ])lenty of rotmi. We heard 
that the enemy had cj-ossed the Tennessee Kiver and were still 
going south. 



Indiana Vohnitrcr Infnulvji, 1861-186:'). 14!) 

Deceinher 29, we remained in eainp all day, the boys bein^ 
glad to get a little rest. We received the news of Stoneman's 
success in East Tennessee. The account was read to the regi- 
ment. Everything was quiet in our camp. Some of tlie boys' 
went out after forage, and they had extraordinary good luck, 
getting lots of honey, cornmeal, sorghum and chickens, so for 
one day the boys were living in style. 

December 30, we still remained in camp. Kations were 
issued, as the enen)y were across the Tennessee River. The 
boys thought we would go into winter quarters. They still went 
out foraging to keep up their supply of extras. 

About this time INlajor (leneral T. J. Wood supei'seded 
by iNIajor (icneral Stanley, who, having recovered from his 
wound, assumed connnand of the Fourtli Army Corps. (Jen- 
ei'al Wood in his report says that it closed for the Fourth Ai-my 
Corps one of the most remarkable campaigns of the war. The 
following is Major E. G. Mathey's report from the fifteenth to 
the thirtieth of December: 

"Near Lexington. Tenn.. December 30, 1864. 
"Sir— I have the honor to report that on December 15, 1864, 
the Eighty-first Indiana was ordered to advance against the 
enemy at about 4 p. m. It charged up a hill and took the works 
in its front, capturing at the same time about sixty-six prisoners. 
The loss of the regiment was three commissioned officers and 
nineteen men, killed and wounded. One officer (Captain E. M. 
Schell) was mortally wounded and four men instantly killed. 
On the sixteenth the regiment was in reserve, and in following 
up the front line a cannon })all struck into the regiment wound- 
ing three men, one severely, his log having to be cut otf. Since the 
above date we have been pursuing the enemy, but have not 
participated in any engagement. 

"I am. Sir, very respectfully yours, etc., 

' E. G. Mathey, 

Major coninuindinff the rfgiwnif." 



150 History of the Eighty -First Regiment, 



CHAPTER XVII. 

CLOSING INCIDENTS OF THE GREAT REBELLION. 

December 31, we left our eairip near Lexington at 9 a. m. 
The roads were in better condition than we expected. We 
marched about eighteen miles and went into camp near sundown 
in a dense thicket of briars. As this was New Years Eve, we 
hoped, with the help of the Lord, to spend the next one in a 
happier and better place. Snow fell the night before, but with 
good fires we made things look olieerful. 

January 1, 1865, we had reveille at 3 a. m. We had a good 
breakfast and wished a happy New Year to all, for the boys 
felt in good spirits. At half past 5 o'clock the Second Division 
passed us, going ahead. There was a. rumor that our division 
was to garrison Athens, Ala. The old Fourth Army Corps was 
quite jolly, cheering and shooting their muskets to welcome the 
New Year. The boys seemed to be in a good humor at the 
prospect of going into winter quarters. We did not leave our 
camp until 1 p. m. The delay was caused by a bridge over Elk 
River being swept away. We marched about two miles and 
went into camp on a hill. 

We expected to move January 2, but did not. Everybody 
was trying to go out foraging. Any kind of an old horse or 
mule was in great demand. Captain Hewitt and several of the 
boys went out, although orders were issued against it, and 
guards patroled around the camp to catch the boys as they came 
in, but the captain returned with a fine lot of hams, chickens, 
etc., and all the boys did well. They were living at the "top of 
the pot;" so they said. 

January 3, was another disagreeable day. It Avas ])retty cool 
in the morning. We left camp at 12 o'clock and crossed Elk 
River on a temporary bridge built by the pioneers of the Fourth 
Army Corps. We then marched through a flat, muddy country. 
We reached Athens, Ala., about dark, and M'ent into camp north 
of the town. 

January 4, was a fine day, so we marched out at 8 a. m., and 
took the road leading to HuntsviHe, Ala. The country was of 
the same character as we were in the day before. We went into 
camp at 5 o'clock on the left of the road, within seven mih^s 
of Huntsville, with orders to be ready to move at 5 o'clock the 
next morning. 



Jn(li(()t(i VoUinh cr lufautry, 1S()1-1865. 151 

On January 5, we struck tents and marched out at day- 
light, with our regiment at the head of the colunni. We reached 
Huntsville at 9 o'ek)ck. The I'oad we marclied on sk)ped down 
to the city. It was a beautiful sight to look back at the long line 
of boys in blue, with their bands playing and tiags flying in 
the breeze. Huntsville is a pretty place, in fact, one of the 
nicest towns we had been in. We marched through the town, 
the bands playing the "Star Spangled Banner," with all the 
arms at a right-shoulder shift and the baj'onet^s of a good many 
of the boys loaded with pork, etc. It looked gay and funny. We 
went into canin some two miles from the town in a beautiful 
valley. We lay in this camp for some time, the boys fixing up 
winter qiiarters. They had a nice place for their camp and were 
well pleased. 

January 9, 10 and 11, it rained and the boys were all trying 
to get furloughs. Life in the camp there seemed so dull, as 
the boys did not have much to do except fixing up winter 
quarters. With all the little extras that is necessary to camp 
life there was one thing the boys were proud of, and that was 
the Avater. 

January 12, found us still in our camp near Huntsville. We 
had a heavy frost the night before. The boys were still working 
on their houses. Some of them had very nice places to live in 
and they looked quite fashionable. 

During the balance of the month we still continued in camp. 
On the Nineteenth, our baggage arrived. We lay in our (jmirters 
until ^larch 18, 1865, Avh.en we struck tents about noon and 
mai'ched to the cars, that being the first time the regiment had 
the pleasure of riding on the railroad since it left Camp Noble, 
in August 1862. We left the same day, passing through Steven- 
son, Bridgeport, Chattanooga, Knoxville and on to Strawberry 
Plains. On the morning of the fifteenth, we went into camp in 
a beautiful place. We lay here till the twenty-third. Our 
wagon trains arrived next day and Ave moved out up the Ilolston 
River, then on to New ]\larket, and went into camp on INIossv 
Creek. 

On the twenty-fifth, we again resumed the march, passing 
through IMoorsville to Kussellville, and bivouacked. The next 
day we arrived at Bull 's Gap and Avent into camp. 

On the twenty-eighth Ave again broke camp and marched 
through the (iap some six miles and Avent into camp, Avhere Ave 
remained until April 3, 1865. We Avere then ordered to have 
three days' rations in haversacks and seA'en days' rations in 
Avagons, leaving our baggage behind. We then took the North 
Carolina road, and after marching fourteen miles aa'c halted for 
the night. The next morning Ave Avere on the march early, 
crossed the Chuckey RiA'er, and Avent through narroAV passes in 



152 " Ilislory of the EI;/]ihi-First Regiment, 

the mountains and alony the French Broad River into Nortli 
Carolina. 

April 5, we were on the march up the river. At 10 a. m. we 
halted and drew rations and left the wagons and artillery be- 
hind. After a march of seventeen miles we reached Marshall. 

On the sixth, we moved out early and arrived at Alexander 
at 10 a. m. After destroying' a bridoe we moved on np the 
river. We arrived at Ashville at 3 p. m. Here we fonnd the 
enemy. Lines were innnediately formed, and a sharp skirmish 
ensued, which continued until nig'ht, the enemy using a battery. 
Just at dark the right wing of the regiment was placed on 
picket, but at 8 o'clock they were drawn off and we marched 
about ten miles and went into camp for the remaiiider of 
the night. 

On the morning of the seventh, we were on the march early, 
and after marching nine miles halted on Clear Creek for break- 
fast. The next day we marched fifteen miles. 

On April 9, we took up the march early and reached Hot 
Springs about 10 a. m., and went on over the mountains, a dis- 
tance of ten miles. 

The next day we continued the march, taking dinner near 
Chuckey River and went into camp near Greenville. 

We continued to march on the eleventh, and reached our 
old camp on Lick Creek about 2 p. m. 

April 12, it was a rainy, disagreeable day, but the next was 
clear and delightful, and all the boys, and every one else, were 
rejoicing over the news of Lee's surrender.* 

On the eighteenth we received orders to get ready to march 
at once, and at 2 p. m. we marched to Bull's Gap and bivouacked. 

It was while on this trip that we heard of President Lincoln's 
assassination, and the boys were very sorry. 

General Kirby, in speaking of this expedition, said it was 
to make the enemy concentrate all their small bands at Ashville, 
and that it accomplished the object. 

On the nineteenth, our division hospital was shipped aboard 
the cars. 

On the twentieth, we took the train and went to Knoxville. 
While the train lay liei'e an accident happened to one of the men 
in the brigade. He got kuockd off of the cars and fell under one 
and was cut in two. One of our boys, Wm. 11. Coleman, of 
Company H, went to look at the man, and the cars gave a jerk 
and broke his arm. 

Leaving Knoxville we went to Stevenson and on to Nashville, 
w^here we arrived at 8 p. m., April 22. We left the cars west of 
town and bivouacked for the night. The next day we went six 
miles from Nashville on the Cuml)erland River, where we arrived 
on the 23(1 of April. Tlie cam)) was called Camp Marker. 



Indiana Vulnnifcr Jnfantr!/. 1861-1865. 153 

Some time in November Captain O. P. Anderson, of Com- 
pany K, was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment, 
and while we lay in camp at Huntsville, Alabama, he was made 
colonel, and commanded the regiment in the expedition to North 
Carolina. 

Our Adjutant, John J. (laUatilier, having resigned. Colonel 
Anderson api)ointed Lieuteiuint John Schwallier, of Com])any 
I, to fill the place, he resigning in February, and Sergeant Thos. 
L. Cole, of Company I, was elected. 

We lay in camp on the banks of the Cumberland River all 
through the latter part of April and the month of May, 1865, 
the boys all anxious and waiting to go home, as they considered 
the rebellion at an end. They spent their time in camp doing 
guard and police duty, occasionally getting a pass to the city. 

On June 1, it began to be noised about that we would soon be 
nuistered out, as our time of service was drawing to a close. 

In the Hrst week of June we began' to get ready to go home. 

On June 11, General Kimble, our division commander, as- 
sembled the regiment together and made us the following 
address: 

"Headquarters First Division, ForRTii Army Corps. | 
CampIIarker, Tenn., June 11, 1865. f 

"Lieutenant-Colonel Anderson, you with the officers and 
men of the Eighty-first Indiana, after three years of gallant de- 
votion to the cause of our common country in this war against 
rebellion, are now about to return to your homes with honor un- 
stained, and with reputations bright with glory. Your deeds will 
live forever. In nearly every battle of the Southwest you have 
been engaged, and you have borne the flag of the Union and the 
banner of your noble State to victory ovei- the foe Avho would 
have destroyed the Government made by your fathers. God has 
given you the victory; remember Him. And now that the war 
is over, the rebellion at an end, remember those whom you have 
conquered ; use victory as becomes brave men and true soldiers ; 
return to your homes with enmity toward none and love for all. 
I know that you will be the best of citizens, because you have 
been the best of soldiers. While we live enjoying the honor and 
privileges which your valor has won and saved, let us ever 
cherish as the idols of our hearts the memory of our comrades 
who have given up their lives for the salvation of our country, 
who fell by your sides battling for the right. Remember the 
widows and orphans of our dead comrades. Be true to them as 
our conn-ades were true to us and their country. My comrades, 
accept my gratitude for your devotion to me personally. You 
have been true and noble soldiers and brave men. May God ever 
bless you and crown your lives with ha]^piness, and each of you 



154 History of tlic Eighty-First Begimcnt, 

with peace and plenty. Be as yon have ever been— trne to God, 
to conntry, to friends and to yourselves. Good-bye, my com- 
rades. Again, God bless you. 

Nathan Kimball, 
Brevet Maj. Gen. Commanding First Biv., 4th Army Corps." 



Indiana Voliuitcer Infantry^ 1861-18C5. 155 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

OUR COMPANY OF THE PIONEER CORPS. 

We feel that there is another bi'anch of the army that our 
regiment took a prominent part in that should not be forgotten, 
and Ave feel that in justice to them that they should be men- 
tioned. In the latter part of November, 1862, while the army 
lay at Edgefield, Tenn., there was an order issued by General 
l^osecrans to form wliat was called the Pioneer Corps. There 
Avas one commissioned officer, one sergeant and one corporal 
from the regiment, and tAvo priA'ates from each company to form 
one company in the Pioneer Corps, making one company from 
each regiment. Lieutenant John ScliAvallier, of Company I, Avas 
detailed to command the company from our regiment. In choos- 
ing the men, cA^ery other man Avas to be a mechanic. Their Avork 
Avas to l)uild bridges, railroads, cut roads through the cedars for 
the aml)ulances, and everything else that the army had to do, 
and at a number of times tliey Avere fighting like the ])alance of 
the army. Companies Avere formed into regiments, brigades and 
corps. They Avere connnanded by General Morton, of the regu- 
lar army, and numbered 1,700 picked men. They prepared fords 
and held them Avhile the army crossed. General Rosecrans, in 
sjieaking of them in his report of the battle of Stone River, 
virtually acknoAvledged they saved the right Aving of the army, 
and recommended all the officers for promotion. Lieutenant 
ScliAvallier Avas Avith them nearly Iavo years. They did good 
service, and it Avould liaA'e been impossible to haA-e gotten along 
Avithout tliem. 



156 llistonj of the Ei(jhiy-First Begimciit, 



CONCLUSION. 



When we left our camp in Indiana and took up our march 
through Kentucky, and in a few weeks were keeping time to 
the thunder of artillery, on the bloody heights of Perryville, our 
ranks were fidl. The very "bone and sinew" of that part of 
the State of Indiana wa.s represented by men who had enlisted 
from a pure love of country and a desire to see our glorious 
Union ])erpetuated. After marching nearly twice across the 
State of Kentucky on a forced march we reached Edgefield, 
Tenn., opposite Nashville, and after remaining there a few 
weeks crossed the Cumberland River, remaining a short time. 
Then, moving through Nashville, went into camp some four 
miles from the city. Since then its future had been identified 
with that of the gallant Army of the Cumberland, and on 
every occasion, when called on, did its part in sustaining the 
reputation of that invincible corps. But it was not the regi- 
ment in numbers it was three years before. Battles, death, 
disease, etc., had done their work. Scores of eyes that once 
sparkled with pleasure as they rested on the "Star-gemmed 
Banner" were glazed in death, far from home and friends. 
Their bodies now moulder in the dark, damp earth, but their 
names and deeds are enshrined in the hearts of their grateful 
comrades. Others, wrecks of their former manhood, sought 
with feeble steps the homes of their childhood, and among 
friends, are quietly awaiting the summons of the stern, relentless 
monster, "death." But they have the proud consolation oP 
knowing that the gloi'ious old flag, under Avhose folds they so 
|)roudly marched from their beloved Hoosier homes, still de- 
fiantly floats in triumph. It is true the smoke of the battle, the 
iron hail, the war and the elements had dimmed its lustre and 
marred its symmetry, but it still floats over the "home of the 
free and the land of the brave." 

The regiment remained in camp Harker until June 13, 
when it was nn;stered out of the United States service, and left 
the same dav for Indianapolis, Ind., arriving there on June 
15. 18ti5. 



lii(li(i)ia Voluittccr Infantry, 1861-1865. 157 

The regiment numbered at the time it was oriianized nine 
hundred and tAventy-seven men and officers, and returning from 
the campaign, it went througli with two hiuidred and fifty men 
and twenty-seven officers. 

The regiment was present and took part in the following 
engagements: 

Perryville. Stone River. 

Liberty Gap. Chiekamauga. 

Rocky Face. Resaea. 

Dallas. , Kingston. 

New Hope Church. Bald Knob. 

Kenesaw Mountain. Marietta. 

Peach Tree Creek. Siege of Atlanta. 

Jonesboro. Lovejoy's Station. 

Franklin. Nashville. 

In retracing the steps of the Eighty-first Regiment Indiana 
Volunteers in the war of the rebellion after the lapse of more 
than a third of a century, it is a matter of astonishment that so 
many incidents which have not been thought of for years have 
come to mind— incidents of individual, personal bravery and 
daring; incidents on the battlefield, on the march, in camp, and, 
in fact, all along the line — that ought to be me7itioned and dpv- 
petuated, but into this inviting field I have not dared to 
venture. Space would not allow, and we would not be able io 
do equal and exact justice to all, therefore we have mainly aimed 
to record the acts of the gallant old regiment in the campaigns 
it went through. We do not claim that our regiment put 
down the rebellion iniaided and alone, for it did not, for it had 
good help and nuich of it, but on many occasions it rose to tlie 
full measure of a splendid opportunity, and its gallantry 
wrought majestic results in the fortunes of war. 



ROSTER 



OF THE 



EIGHTY-FIRST REGIMENT, 

INDIANA 

VOLUNTEER 

INFANTRY. 



160 



History of the Eighty-First Begiment, 






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